Case 5 - High BP Flashcards
1
Q
Clinicals signs that may occur alongside hypertension
A
- Often silent
- But if sudden could have papilloedema
- Bilateral retinal flame shaped haemorrhages and exudates
- Visual changes
- Altered mental status
2
Q
Common secondary causes of high BP
A
- Renal disease - intrinsic (eg GN, systemic sclerosis, PCKD, chronic pyelonephritis), renovascular disease
- Endocrine - Cushings, phaechromocytoma, Conns syndrome, acromegaly, hyperparathyroidism
- Others - pregnancy, steroid use, MAOI, COCP
3
Q
Investigations for high BP
A
- ECG
- CXR - PA asses heart changes
- Urinalysis + UACR
- U&Es
- LFTs
- Cholesterol
- HbA1C
- Echo if suspect HF
- CT/MRI head if neurological symptoms
- Calculate QRISK
4
Q
Non-pharmacological advice for high BP
A
- Smoking cessation
- Reduce alcohol intae
- Reduce salt intake
- Increase exercise
- Weight loss if overweight
5
Q
Side effects ACEi
A
- Dry cough
- Hyperkalaemia
- Dizziness
- Worsen renal artery stenosis
6
Q
Side effects CCB
A
- Headaches
- Ankle swelling
- Flushing
- Palpitations
7
Q
Side effects thiazide diuretics
A
- Hyponatraemia
- Hypokalaemia
- Hyperuricaemia - gout
- Hyperglycaemia
- Hypercalcaemia
8
Q
Complications of untreated HTN
A
- Stroke
- Retinopathy
- Encephalopathy
- MI
- Heart failure
- Nephropathy
9
Q
Feature of hypertensive retinopathy
A
- Flame haemorrhages
10
Q
Management flow diagram for HTN
A
11
Q
A
