case 4

Question 1

treatment for sputum retention in cystic fibrosis

Answer 1

active exercise- helps with mucocillary clearance
breathing techniques- active cycle of breathing
body positioning and precusions shaking
positive expiratory pressure

Question 2

type off breathing techniques you would use to treat sputum retention in cystic fibrosis

Answer 2

active cycle of breathing

Question 3

what helps with mucocillary clearance in cystic fibrosis

Answer 3

active exercises

Question 4

outcome measures for sputum retention in cystic fibrosis

Answer 4

increase sputum expectoration - the act of discharging sputum
improved FEV1 and peak volume

Question 5

what would indicate the outcome measure of increase sputum expectoration - discharge

Answer 5

indication of reduced crackles more productive coughing
lower heart rate — high heart rate above 60-100 in the case study
lower work of breathing

Question 6

main treatment for fluid retention

Answer 6

postural drainage - gravity assisted
percussion, chest clapping
active cycle of breathing
assisted cough

Question 7

components of cough

Answer 7

force inspiration
force expiration against a closed glottis
sudden opening of the glottis
compression of the airways due to abdominal contractions

Question 8

what is peak expiratory flow volume

Answer 8

volume of air expelled from the lungs in one quick expiration

Question 9

components of active cycle of breathing for fluid retention

Answer 9

breathing control
thoracic expansion
force expiration techniques

Question 10

benefit of percussion for fluid retention

Answer 10

loosen secretions

Question 11

benefit of postural drainage for fluid retention

Answer 11

help in air movement through different parts of the lungs
improve ventilation

Question 12

cause of cystic fibrosis

Answer 12

defect in the CFTR gene which codes for a protein that functions as a chloride channel
sputum volume decreases and becomes more tenancious
resulting in sputum retention

Question 13

what umbrella term does cystic fibrosis fit under

Answer 13

COPD
normal to have low SpO2 volumes

Question 14

cystic fibrosis is caused by a defect in what protein

Answer 14

CFTR protein
cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulatory protein

Question 15

normal respiratory rate

Answer 15

12-20 bpm

Question 16

benefit of peak expiratory flow rate measuring outcome

Answer 16

assess airway obstruction and titration therapy
can help determine when to adjust medication or when factors in the enviornment is affecting your breathing

Question 17

what is the peak expiratory flow rate

Answer 17

measures how fast a person can exhale , sputum retention can stop the person from exhaling quickly.

Question 18

what is FEV1

Answer 18

force expiratory volume, the volume of air that you can expire in one second

Question 19

what would a low FEV1 suggest

Answer 19

A breathing obstruction, fluid retention

Question 20

How is FEV1 measured

Answer 20

using a spirometry machine, peak flow, forcefully breathing out after taking a deep breath in.

Question 21

percentages of FEV1 ranging from severe to mild

Answer 21

mild 80%
moderate 50-79%
severe 30-49%
very severe less than 30%

Question 22

describe the process of autogenic drainage

Answer 22

one hand on the stomach while one hand on the chest— breathe into the stomach before breathing into the chest
relaxed breathe out— so that you can air where the crackles may be
after the long breath out, take a very small breath in and then breathe out
once you hear the crackles sound move high, increase the breath in and very small breath out— this moves your breath to the middle of your lungs
take a slighly larger breath in to move to the top of your lungs and long breath out after small breathe in
then you may feel that you need to cough

Question 23

primary aim of airway clearance

Answer 23

prevent the delay and onset of bronchiathesis

Question 24

how is shaking and vibrations used to increase secretions in cystic fibrosis

Answer 24

short rhythmic squeezing to the chest while exhaling

Question 25

difference between PEP and OPEP

Answer 25

PEP - positive expiratory pressure- imposes expiratory flow resistance to keep the airway open, in order to clear mucus you have to put air behind the mucus.

OPEP- oscillating positive expiratory pressure - generate repeated osculations to reduce muscus viscosity

Question 26

what is PEP

Answer 26

positive expiratory pressure- allows air to flow freely when you breathe in but not when you breathe out - forces the person to breathe out harder against resistance.

helps air getting behind the muscus from the lungs to the airway walls - holds the airways open

Question 27

what is OPEP

Answer 27

oscillating positive expiratory pressure- the person breathe all the way out many times .

they make it more difficult to breathe out through resistance
create vibrations when you breathe out
after breathing through the device several times, the person huffs coughs to clear the mucus

Question 28

what is treatment of burden

Answer 28

the workload of healthcare and its effect on patient function and wellbeing

Question 29

difference between AD and ACBT

Answer 29

autogenic drainage - peak expiratory flow rate increase more- the individual aims to adjust, depth, range and location of the lung volumes

ACBT - increase oxygen saturation

Question 30

what is a pneumothorax

Answer 30

a collapse lung, when air escapes from the lung