Case 13 Flashcards
RAS
Network of neurones in the brainstem, hypothalamus and thalamus connected to most of the cerebral cortex
GCS EYE scale
4- Spontaneously
3-To verbal stimuli
2-To painful stimuli
1- No eye opening
GCS VERBAL
5- Oriented 4- Confused 3-Inappropriate words 2-Incomprehensible words 1- No verbal response
GCS MOTOR response
6- Obeys commands 5- Localizes 4-Withdraws to pain 3-Flexion to pain 2-Extension to pain 1-No motor response
Classification of mild, moderate to severe
GCS used to classify severity of TBI
· Mild (14-15)
Moderate (9-13) Most patients
· Severe (3-8)
Ideal cerebral perfusion pressure
> 70mmHg
Cpp=MAP-ICP normal around 70-80mmHg
Frontal lobe functions
Problem solving Emotional traits Reasoning (judgement) Speaking Voluntary motor activity
Parietal lobe
Knowing right from left
Sensation
Reading
Body orientation
Occipital lobe
Vision
Colour perception
Temporal lobe
Understanding language
Behaviour
Memory
Hearing
Brain stem
Breathing
Body Temp
Digestion
Altertness/sleep
Cerebellum
Balance
Coordination and control of voluntary movement
Fine muscle control
Declarative memory- where?
Episodic and Semantic= Declarative memory
Medial temporal lobe- episodic memory
Anterior temporal lobe- semantic memory
Amygdala- emotional aspects of memory
Non-declarative memory- where?
Cerebellum and basal ganglia
Function of putamen?
The mainfunction of the putamenis to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. It employs GABA, acetylcholine, and enkephalin to performits functions.
