Antibiotics Flashcards
Cell wall synthesis inhibitors
Penicillins, co-amoxiclav, Cephalosporins (cefotaxime), vancomycin
Protein synthesis- aminoglycosides
Macrolides- Clarithromycin
Aminoglycosides- Gentamicin
Tetracyclines Oxytetracycline
DNA/RNA synthesis
Fluoroquinolones-Ciprofloxacin, Direct damaging of DNA- nitrofurantoin,
DNA and protein interaction- Metronidazole, Rifampicin
Metabolism
Trimethoprim
Inflamed menninges
Penicillins, Cephalosproins
Tetracycline ADRs
Calcium binding ; in children can affect bone and teeth growth
Chloramphenicol ADRs
Lipopillic, grey baby syndrome, under developed hepatic function
Narrow extended and broad spectrum antibiotics
Narrow- kill limited number of bacterial species
Extended- Target a wider range
Broad- Both G+ and G-
C. Diff superinfection antibiotic
Clindamycin
Which antibiotic can cause grey baby syndrome
Chloramphenicol
Aminoglycoside- Gentamicin
Gram negative infections
ADRs- dose related irreversible ototoxicity, reversible nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular effects
Contra- In neonates, known sensitivity, neuromuscular conditions- Parkinsons’ myasthenia
Beta-lactams- Ceftriaxone- cephalosporin
Gram positive infections
ADRs- hypersensitivity reactions (skin rashes), GI disturbances
Contra- known sensitivity to beta-lactams
Quinolones- Levofloxacin
Broad spectrum of infections
ADRs- GI disturbance, tendonitis, achilles tendon rupture, neuromuscular block
Contra- caution in epilepsy and myasthenia gravis
Tetracyclines- doxycycline
Broad spectrum
ADRs- GI disturbances, oesophageal ulceration
Contra- neonates and children - causes discolouration of teeth and may affect bone growth
Glycopeptides- vancomycin
Gram-positive infections - resistant to other antibiotics
ADRs- erytheatous reactions- ototoxicity
Contra- known sensitivity
