Cascade Reaction

Question 1

Nitric Oxide

Answer 1

Secreted by endothelial cells
Inactivates platelets

Question 2

PGI2 (Prostacyclin)

Answer 2

Secreted by endothelial cells
Inactivates platelets

Question 3

Heparin Sulfate

Answer 3

Binds protein Antithrombin 3 - activates
Bound to endothelial cell membrane

Question 4

Antithrombin 3

Answer 4

Degrades (Inactivate) Clotting Factors: II, IX, X

Question 5

Thrombomodulin

Answer 5

Protein on cell membrane
Binds Thrombin (Factor II)

Question 6

Thrombin II binds

Answer 6

Protein C and becomes active

Question 7

Activated Protein C

Answer 7

Degrades (Inactive) Factors V and VIII

Question 8

5 Steps for Hemostatis or Cascade

Answer 8

1) Vascular Spasm
2) Platelet Plug Formation
3) Coagulation
4) Clot Retraction and Repair
5) Fibrinolysis

Question 9

Endothelin

Answer 9

Binds on receptor smooth muscle
Causes contraction
Vasocontriction

Question 10

Von Wildebrand Factor

Answer 10

Secreted by injured endothelial cells
Injured cells do not secrete Nitric Oxide or PGI

Question 11

Glycoprotein 1 b

Answer 11

Binds to VWF
Secrete ADP, Thromboxane (TxA2), Seretonin

Question 12

ADP & TxA2

Answer 12

Bind on platelets and activate
Causes platelets to come to site of injury
Platelet Aggregation

Question 13

Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa

Answer 13

Binds platelets together via fibrinogen

Question 14

Phospholipid Charge on Platelet Plug

Answer 14

Phosphatidylserine

Question 15

Organ that makes clotting proteins

Answer 15

Liver

Question 16

Factor 12

Answer 16

First Protein to Interact with Platelet
Proenzyme

Question 17

Activated Factor 12

Answer 17

Activates Factor 11

Question 18

Activated Factor 11

Answer 18

Activates Factor 9

Question 19

Activated Factor 9

Answer 19

Interacts with Factor 8, PF3, and Ca2+

Question 20

Activated Factor 8,9 Complex

Answer 20

Activates Factor 10

Question 21

Activated Factor 10

Answer 21

Reacts with Factor 5, PF3, and Ca2+

Question 22

Activated Factor 5,10 Complex

Answer 22

Reacts with Prothrombin Activator

Question 23

Prothrombin Activator

Answer 23

Reacts with Factor 2 (Prothrombin)
This becomes Thrombin

Question 24

Thrombin

Answer 24

Reacts in 2 ways:
Links Fibrinogen together and makes Fibrin
Reacts with Factor 13 (Fibrin Stabilizer)

Question 25

Activated Factor 13

Answer 25

Crosslinks Fibrin Strands
Creating Fibrin Mesh

Question 26

Two Pathways for Cascade

Answer 26

Intrinsic
Extrinsic

Question 27

Intrinsic Pathway

Answer 27

In order of reaction
12, 11, 9, 8, 10
Occurs independent of Extrinsic Pathway

Question 28

Factor 10

Answer 28

Part of the common pathway

Question 29

Extrinsic Pathway

Answer 29

Depends on some Intrinsic Pathway
In descending order
3 to 7 to 10

Question 30

Damaged Tissues Release

Answer 30

Factor 3

Question 31

Factor 3

Answer 31

Reacts with Factor 7

Question 32

Activated Factor 7

Answer 32

Can react with 9 and/or 10

Question 33

Potassium dependent Factors

Answer 33

2, 7, 9, 10

Question 34

Consumed Factors

Answer 34

1, 2, 5, 13

Question 35

Common Pathway Factors

Answer 35

10, 5, 2, 1

Question 36

Fibrin

Answer 36

Factor 1
Activated by Factor 2 (Thrombin)

Question 37

Fourth Step

Answer 37

Clot Retraction and Repair

Question 38

Platelet Contraction

Answer 38

Brings damaged cells together
Secretes Platelet Derived Growth Factor and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Question 39

Platelet Derived Growth Factor

Answer 39

PDGF
Trigger mitosis to repair cells
Patches for connective tissue (such as ligaments)

Question 40

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Answer 40

VEGF
Regenerate endothelial lining

Question 41

Fifth Step

Answer 41

Fibrinolysis

Question 42

Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA)

Answer 42

Aka Streptokinase
Reacts with plasminogen to create Plasmin

Question 43

Plasmin

Answer 43

Digests fibrin mesh
Releases D-dimer (D peptide)