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Cartography & Geodesy > Cartography > Flashcards

Cartography Flashcards

1
Q

the art and science of graphically representing a geographical area usually on a flat surface such as a map or chart. It may involve the superimposition of political, cultural, or other nongeographical divisions onto the representation of a geographical area.

A

Cartography

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2
Q

a symbolic representation of selected characteristics of a place, usually drawn on a flat surface

A

Map

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3
Q

shows a distance measured on the ground according to a certain proportion, and direction

A

Scale map

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4
Q

Basic elements of a scale map

A

Symbolsband legends
Scale
Direction
Map grid or coordinate system
About the map (date created, author, title, sources)

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5
Q

Shows shape and elevation of the land (topography)

A

Topographic maps

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6
Q

Vertical distance between two adjacent contour lines. Major and minor contours are shown depending on the scale of the map

A

CONTOUR INTERVAL

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7
Q

Relative scale

A

The larger the scale, the smaller the area

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8
Q

Uses words to describe the relationship between the map and the landscape

A

EQUIVALENCE SCALE

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9
Q

Typically represented as a ratio (1/50,000 or 1:50,000), indicates that one unit (inch, centimeter, football field or pitch, etc.) on the map represents the second number of that same unit on Earth.

A

REPRESENTATIVE FRACTION

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10
Q

is a bar marked off like a ruler with labels outlining the distances the segments represent.

A

graphical scale

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11
Q

THE NORTH ON A MAP

north is measured by a compass.

A

Magnetic North

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12
Q

THE NORTH ON A MAP

__ North follows the grid lines of the coordinate system the map is made on.

A

Grid north

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13
Q

THE NORTH ON A MAP

_ North corresponds to the Earths axis, the North pole

A

True north

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14
Q

A classification of map having scales ranging from 1:2000 to 1:10000.

A

Medium scale map

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15
Q

A classification of map having scales ranging from 1:10000 or smaller

A

Small scale map

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16
Q

A classification of map having scales 1:2000 or larger

A

Large scale map

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17
Q

Scale of a standard cadastral map

A

1:4000

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18
Q

Standard scale of a Municipal Base Map

A

1:60,000

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19
Q

Standard scale of a Provincial Base Map

A

1:400,000

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20
Q

Standard scale of a Regional Base Map

A

1:800,000

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21
Q

Photogrammetry is derived from three greek words meaning:

A

Photos: light
Gramma: drawn or written
Metron: measure

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22
Q

Distinct areas of photogrammetry

A

Metric photogrammetry
Interpretative photogrammetry

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23
Q

Classification of photographs

A

Terrestrial
Aerial
Extraterrestrial

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24
Q

: When the vertical photograph is taken it evident that optical axis of camera should be vertical or nearly vertical. (Tilt is within 3°).

A

Vertical orientation

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25
Q

Photograph is taken with strongly tilted optical axis but not to the extent that horizon appear in the photograph (horizon does not appear but tilt is more than 3°).

A

Low oblique:

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26
Q

: Photograph is taken with deliberately tilted optical axis enough from the vertical to show the Earth’s horizon (horizon appears in the photograph

A

High oblique

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27
Q

: Photograph is taken with camera axis horizontal.

A

Horizontal or terrestrial

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28
Q

It is a sequential pair of low oblique in which the optical axes converse towards one another. in this kind of photography both the photographs cover the same area but from different locations.

A

Convergent Photography:

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29
Q

is a function of focal length and format size

A

Angular coverage

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30
Q

Angle: Used for General interpretation, intelligence and mosaics

A

Narrow angle

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31
Q

angle: Up to 75°, used for general interpretation, mapping, ortho-photography, and mosaics.

A

Normal angle

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32
Q

angle: 75° to 100°, used for general interpretation, general purpose photography for normal terrain, resource mapping and mosaics

A

Wide angle

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33
Q

angle: over 100°, used for General purpose mapping of flat areas

A

Super-wide angle

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34
Q

Ttpes of film

A

Panchromatic
Colour
Infrared
Colour infrared

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35
Q

, more often termed black and white, is the most commonly encountered film employed for photogrammetry. The emulsion is sensitive to the visible (0.4- to 0.7-µm) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.

A

Panchromatic

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36
Q

also known as true colour film. The multilayer emulsion is sensitive to visible region of electromagnetic spectrum

A

Natural colour/ colour

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37
Q

Current aerial __ film is offered as two types: black and white infrared and colour infrared

A

infrared film

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38
Q

___ film is commonly termed as false colour. The multilayer emulsion is sensitive to green (0.5-0.6 µm), red (0.6-0.7 µm), and part of the near infrared (0.7-1.0 µm) portions of the spectrum.

A

Colour Infrared film

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39
Q

made by joining several photographs taken at a single camera station usually by a multi-lens camera.

the result of a combination of vertical and oblique photography or only oblique photographs. The oblique photographs are all rectified, scaled to the vertical, and the mounted to give one whole picture of the area photographed.

A

Composite photographs

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40
Q

Two cameras are mounted on each side of the aircraft with the axis at right angles to the direction of flight. Exposures are taken simultaneously; the cameras are usually tilted from 5° to 7º from the vertical to give low oblique photographs

A

DUAL STRIP PHOTOGRAPHS (Twinned

41
Q

Three cameras are employed during photography, one in the center which points vertically downward and the other two are tilted as in dual photography except that the tilt ranges from 7° to 10°. The additional tilt allows the tilted strips to just overlap the lateral edges of the vertical strip. It gives a larger coverage for photography.

A

TRIPLE STRIP PHOTOGRAPHS

42
Q

The system has photographic units which consists of three wide angle cameras. One in vertical position and two in oblique positions and all three cameras are exposed simultaneously from the same aircraft.

A

TRIMETROGON PHOTOGRAPHS

43
Q

These are precision instruments designed to take photographs from an aircraft

A

Aerial camera

44
Q

___ is a light tight container which holds the supply of exposed and unexposed films. It has a supply spool and a take up spool, a mechanism for advancing the film after each exposure, and a device for holding the fil flat in the focal plane at the instant the exposure is made.

A

Magazine

45
Q

is a one-piece casting which houses the drive mechanism for the shutter assembly and the magazine. It is the drive mechanism which provides the force to operate through each cycle

A

Camera body

46
Q

-most important part of an aerial camera.

A

Lens

47
Q

It gathers light ray from each point on the terrain and bring them into focus within the local plane behind the lens.

A

Lens

48
Q

are pieces of colored glassed placed in front of the camera lens to prevent stray and undesirable lights from entering the camera.

A

Filter

49
Q

Most common color filters used

A

Yellow orange red

50
Q
  • The physical opening of the lens system. It is positioned mid-way between the lens elements.
A

Diaphragm

51
Q

Its function is to control the amount of light striking the emulsion of the film which is positioned in the focal plane.

A

diaphragm

52
Q

Relationship of diaphram and shutter speed

A

Directly proportional.
When the diaphragm opening becomes larger, the shutter speed should be correspondingly greater.

53
Q

Relationship of diaphram and angular field of view

A

Directly proportional

54
Q

If a ray of light in the object space appears to is directed at the front ____, it is so bent or refracted, by the lens system that it emerge from the rear ____ without having undergone a change in its original direction.

A

Nodal points

55
Q

controls the length of time that light is permitted to pass through the lens

A

Shutter

56
Q

Are used to locate the principal point or geometric center of the photograph

A

Fiducial marks

57
Q

Are used to locate the principal point or geometric center of the photograph

A

Fiducial marks

58
Q

is defined as the point in the focal plane intersected by the optical axis of the lens. This point is important in reconstructing the geometry of the photograph

A

Principal point

59
Q

The ___ of the camera is defined as the distance between the rear nodal point of the lens and the focal plane.

A

focal length

60
Q

Classifications of focal length

A

Short focal length
Long focal length

61
Q

when camera lens have less than 305mm (12”) focal length

A

Short focal length

62
Q

provide wider ground coverage at a given flying height

A

Short focal length

63
Q

Relationship of focal length and angular field of coverage

A

Inversely proportional

64
Q

camera lens of more than 305 mm (12”) focal length

A

Ling focal length

65
Q

angle measured at the apex of the usable cone of rays entering the camera lens

A

Angular field of view

66
Q

is defined as the scale at the average elevation of the terrain covered by a particular photograph. This scale is given by the relationship

A

Average scale

67
Q

This is the technique of measuring objects (2D or 3D) from photographs

A

Photogrammetry

68
Q

It is to mainly used produce topographical or thematic maps and digital terrain models.

A

Aerial photogrammetry

69
Q

Father of photogrammetry

A

Aime Laussedat

70
Q

He developed the techniques for the documentation of buildings

A

Meydenbauer

71
Q

The first institute for photogrammetry

A

Royal Prussian Photogrammetric Institute

72
Q

He suggested the use of stereoscope to estimate volumetric measures

A

Ernst Mach

73
Q

They presented the first stereoscopical instrument for vectorized mapping

A

Eduard Gaston
Daniel Deville

74
Q

It is an instrument used for optical rectification

A

Perspectograph

75
Q

He is the first to apply photogrammetry principles to aerial photographs

A

Theodore Sheimpflug

76
Q

They have stable and precisely known internal geometries and very low lens distortions

A

Metric cameras

77
Q

The line between two projection centers, if an object is photographed from two different positions.

A

Base

78
Q

It consists of two metric cameras mounted at both ends of a bar

A

Stereometric camera

79
Q

A cheap method of mapping which requires only a ruler, a pencil, and a piece of paper with a straight edge.

A

Paper-strip method

80
Q

It uses photographic enlargers. Complies with the Scheimpflug condition and the vanishing point condition

A

Optical rectification

81
Q

A commercially available camera

A

Amateur camera

82
Q

A dense raster of points on the object with known distances from a reference plane

A

Digital Terrain Model

83
Q

This technique is similar to numerical rectification, except that the coordinates are transformed into 3D coordinates

A

First bundle adjustment

84
Q

The scanned image is transformed pixel by pixel into the 3D real-world coordinate system.

A

Digital rectification

85
Q

A rectified photograph with a unique scale

A

Orthophoto

86
Q

This photogrammetry instrument was first introduced in 1957

A

Diapositive

87
Q

Defines how much a camera sees

A

Angular field of view

88
Q

Refers to the measurement made on aerial photographs to obtain quantitative data of the earth’s surface.

A

Metric photogrammetry

89
Q

Recognizing and identifying objects on the photograph, as well as judging their significance.

A

Interpretative photogrammetry

90
Q

Recognizing and identifying objects on the photograph, as well as judging their significance.

A

Interpretative photogrammetry

91
Q

Taken with ground-based cameras from known positions or stations with the camera axis horizontal or nearly so

A

Terrestrial photographs

92
Q

The camera lend axis points at an angle on the ground

A

Oblique photograph

93
Q

Made by joining several photographs taken at a single camera station usually by a multi-lens camera

A

Composite photographs

94
Q

Three cameras are employed during photography, one in the center which piunts verticalky downward and the other two tilted

A

Triple strip photographs

95
Q

Consists of a one-piece casting which houses the drive mechanism for the shutter assembly and the magazine

A

Camera body

96
Q

Control the amount of light striking the emulsion of the film which is positioned in the focal plane

A

Diaphragm

97
Q

Consists of colored glass placed in front of the camera lens to prevent stray and undesirable lught from entering the camera

A

Filter

98
Q

Consists of colored glass placed in front of the camera lens to prevent stray and undesirable lught from entering the camera

A

Filter

Cartography & Geodesy (8 decks)

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