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9. extra MSK > Cartilage and OA > Flashcards

Cartilage and OA Flashcards

1
Q

What is OA?

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2
Q

What is the most common form of OA?

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3
Q

How many people have OA?

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4
Q

What is the most common reason for joint pain?

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5
Q

What is an arthroscopy?

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6
Q

What is a chondral defect?

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7
Q

How can a chondral defect be identified on an arthroscopy?

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8
Q

What is hyaline cartilage?

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9
Q

What are the 5 layers of cartilage?

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10
Q

What is the tide mark?

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11
Q

What are the 3 major components of ECM?

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12
Q

What is the main proteoglycan in healthy ECM? (%)

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13
Q

What is the function of chondrocytes?

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14
Q

Which cells produce cartilage?

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15
Q

Which cells degrade cartilage?

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16
Q

What happens to chondrocytes after adolescence?

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17
Q

What type of metabolism occurs in chondrocytes?

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18
Q

What proportion of tissue is chondrocytes?

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19
Q

How do chondrocytes act in response to interactions with the ECM?

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20
Q

What is the main type of cartilage in articular cartilage?

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21
Q

What is the function of type II collagen in articular cartilage?

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22
Q

Which enzymes breakdown collagen?

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23
Q

What is stromelysin?

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24
Q

What are MMPs?

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25
What are the 3 main collagenases?
26
When is cathepsin K used?
27
What are aggrecans?
28
Which enzymes break down aggrecans?
29
What are the 3 matrix molecules?
30
What are the 2 key human aggrecanases?
31
What are the 2 intrinsic articular cartilage factors?
32
What are the 2 extrinsic articular cartilage factors?
33
What are TIMPs?
34
What are the 4 TIMPs?
35
Which 2 TIMPs act as collagenases?
36
What are the 4 main growth factors?
37
What is the function of growth factors in cartilage?
38
What are 2 examples of hormones in articular cartilage?
39
Why can matrix degradation occur? (2)
40
When does cartilage atrophy occur and why?
41
What do chondrocytes need to maintain cartilage thickness and turnover?
42
Which 4 parts of a synovial joint are affected in OA?
43
What is a synovial joint?
44
Which 2 processes drive osteoarthritis?
45
What happens to ECM proteoglycans in OA?
46
What happens to ECM collagen in OA?
47
What happens to ECM water in OA?
47
What can be seen in scans in early OA?
48
What can be seen in scans in established OA? (2)
49
What changes can be seen in a joint affected by OA?
50
What are the 7 risk factors of OA?
51
What is Stickler syndrome?
52
Is there a genetic factor to OA development?
53
How many genetic variations can contribute to OA?
54
How can genetic mutations contribute to OA development? (5)
55
What is post-traumatic OA?
56
How can joint trauma lead to OA?
57
Which 5 mechanical factors can lead to OA?
58
What is the connection between paralysed joints and OA?
59
How can OA risk be studied?
60
What are the 2 main factors leading to OA?
61
What are the 4 steps of OA developing?
62
Which gender is more likely to develop OA with age?
63
Why is OA incidence increasing?
64
How is OA diagnosed? (3)
65
What are the 3 clinical indicators of OA learnt from a history?
66
What is crepitus?
67
What are the 5 indicators of OA found in clinical examinations?
68
Are X-rays needed to diagnose OA?
69
How can X-rays be used in OA diagnosis?
70
What are 4 indicators of OA seen on an X-ray?
71
How can OA be indicated in a blood test?
72
Which joint is most commonly affected by OA?
73
What is the risk of knee OA in women?
74
How is knee OA often treated?
75
What are the most common types of OA?
76
What is the order of hand OA progression?
76
What are Heberden's nodes?
77
When does hand OA usually occur?
78
How is OA managed? (3)
79
What are the 3 surgical options for OA?
80
What is an arthroplasty?
81
When are arthroplasties most effective?
82
What are the 3 routes OA drug treatment?
83
What are the 2 types of OA drugs?
84
What are SyMOADs?
85
What are DMOAD?

9. extra MSK (6 decks)

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