Cartilage Flashcards
1
Q
Hyaline Cartilage
A
- surrounded by perichondrium (makes up the growth plate)
- contains type II collagen
- location: articular cartilage, larynx, trachea, ribs, embryonic development
- chondrocytes can be found in isogenous groups “blobbed” together (amorphous, but homogenous)
2
Q
Elastic Cartilage
A
- surrounded by perichondrium (important for shape retention, recoil, rubber band-like)
- contains type II collagen, components of hyaline cartilage PLUS elastic fibers within the matrix
- location: external ear, epiglottis, auditory tube
- stains a really dark purple
3
Q
Fibrocartilage
A
- lacks a perichondrium*** (said like 4 times)- much stronger, fibers oriented in direction of functional stress, withstands compression and shearing forces
- contains type I and II collagen, combination of hyaline cartilage and dense regular CT
- location: intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis, TMJ
- chondrocytes are aligned in rows and isogenous groups
4
Q
Territorial matrix
A
- moderate staining, immediately surrounds isogenous group
- consists of type II collagen randomly arranged
5
Q
Interterritorial matrix
A
- surrounds territorial matrix, just outside of boundary
- less intense staining
- more type II collagen, fewer proteoglycans
6
Q
Perichondrium
A
- dense irregular CT, has some vascular capabilities
- hyaline and elastic cartilage only
- source of new cartilage cell grown
- fibrous layer: outer layer that produces type I collagen and elastin, transitional zone between cartilage and surrounding CT
- chondrogenic layer: inner layer that differentiates into chondroblasts, secretes type II collagen
7
Q
What are the two forms of chondrogenesis?
A
- Appositional growth: (growth of undifferentiated cells of perichondrium) like the rings of a tree, forms new cartilage on surface of existing cartilage
- chondrogenic cells located within inner layer of perichondrium (produce type I collagen)
- cells -> chondroblasts -> secrete type II collagen and ground substance - Interstitial growth: (limited by avascular nature, increases overall size of cells) takes place within a cartilage mass, chondrocytes divide within lacunae, creating new isogenous groups
- secrete more matrix, dividing daughter cells, increasing mass of cartilage
8
Q
Synovial membrane
A
- lines joint cavity (except articular cartilage), provides lubrication and absorbs shock
- vascular CT membrane, has regenerative properties
- produces synovial fluid
9
Q
Articular capsule
A
- outer fibrous layer made of dense regular CT, strengthens joint
- extrinsic ligament: separate from capsule
- intrinsic ligament: part of fibrous capsule
10
Q
Articular cartilage
A
- hyaline cartilage
- reduces friction
- avascular, lacks nerve supply, nourished by synovial fluid
- collagen fibers run perpendicular to the tissue surface and bend gradually to form an arc
- has distinct layering
11
Q
What are the two types of synoviocytes?
A
- Type A Macrophage-like synovial cells
2. type B Fibroblast-like synovial cells
12
Q
Type A Macrophage-like synovial cells
A
- phagocytic
- contain lysosomes to clear articular cavity of debris formed by friction or articular cartilages
- 25% of cells lining the synovium
- regulate inflammatory events
13
Q
Type B Fibroblast-like synovial cells
A
- produce synovial fluid (plasma filtrate)
- produce hyaluronate that combines with synovial fluid (via water)
- lubricates/nourishes the articular cartilage
14
Q
What are the distinct layers of Articular cartilage?
A
- Superficial (tangential) zone
- Intermediate (transitional) zone
- Deep (radial) zone
- Calcified zone
15
Q
Superficial zone of articular cartilage
A
- chondrocytes are small and flattened, parallel to the surface
- most superficial region is devoid of cells
- collagen fibers run parallel to the surface
