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MCBM Exam 3 > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three types of cartilage?

A

Hyalin
Fibrous
Elastic

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2
Q

What is the ground substance of cartilage made out of?

A

Chondroitin sulfate

Keratan sulfate

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3
Q

What makes up the matrix of collagen?

A

Fibers + ground substance

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4
Q

Hyalin and elastic cartilage develop from what?

A

Mesenchyme

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5
Q

Mesenachymal cells differentiate into what?

A

Chondroblasts

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6
Q

When chondroblasts become entrapped in lacunae, what are they termed?

A

Chondrocytes

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7
Q

From what is the perichondrium derived?

A

Mesenchymal cells surrounding the developing cartialge

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8
Q

What is the outer layer of the perichondrium made up of?

A

Fibroblasts

Mesenchymal cells

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9
Q

Where is the chondrogenic layer found?

A

In the inner layer of the perichondrium

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10
Q

What is the chondrogenic layer?

A

Where chondroblasts undergo mitosis to produce more chondroblasts

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11
Q

From what does fibrocartilage develop?

A

Dense connective tissue

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12
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

Growth only occurring on the surface

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13
Q

Appositional growth only allows for which direction of growth?

A

Width

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14
Q

In appositional growth, where are the new layers of cartilage laid down?

A

Around the perimeter of the existing cartilage

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15
Q

What will occur to appositional growth if the perichondrium is removed?

A

Appositional growth will cease

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16
Q

Appositional growth is dependent upon what?

A

The mitotic activity of the chondrogenic layer of the perichondrium

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17
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

When new cartilage is added within existing cartilage

18
Q

Interstitial growth increases what?

A

Length (specific for endochondral bone formation)

19
Q

In interstitial growth, what is formed as a result of mitotic activity within lacunae?

A

Cell nests

20
Q

In interstitial growth, continued secretion of matrix results in what?

A

The lacunae moving apart from one another

21
Q

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

A

No

22
Q

How to chondroblasts get nutrition?

A

Diffusion of tissue fluid through the matrix

23
Q

Where does the tissue fluid that feeds the chondroblasts originate?

A

From blood vessels located outside the perichondrium

24
Q

Invasion of cartilage by blood vessels is usually associated with what?

A

Calcification and death of the cartilage

25
Q

What type of cartilage comprises the skeleton of the embryo?

A

Hyaline cartilage

26
Q

What progressively replaces hyaline cartilage as we grow?

A

Bone

27
Q

40% of the matrix of hyaline cartilage is what type of collagen?

A

Type II

28
Q

In hyaline cartilage, the matrix appears ___.

A

Homogenous - can’t bee see with a light microscope

29
Q

What makes up the amorphous ground substance of hyaline cartilage?

A

Chondroitin sulfate

Keratan sulfate

30
Q

In hyaline cartilage, where are younger cells found? Older cells?

A

Small, flat-ish lacunae

Large, round lacunae

31
Q

In hyaline cartilage, cell nests are present in areas where cells retain what?

A

The capability of mitosis

32
Q

Is perichondrium present in hyaline cartilage?

A

Yes

33
Q

Are there nerves and blood vessels in hyaline cartilage?

A

Nope

34
Q

Where is hyaline cartilage usually found?

A 
Ends of long bones
Nose
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchus
Between ribs
35
Q

How does elastic cartilage differ visibly from hyaline cartilage?

A

Fibers are noticeable in the matrix

Predominantly elastic fibers (few type II fibers)

36
Q

Is there perichondrium in elastic cartilage?

A

Yes

37
Q

Where is elastic cartilage found?

A 
External ear (pinna)
Epiglottis
38
Q

Fibrocartilage is primarily made up of what?

A

Collagen fibers

39
Q

How does fibrocartilage differ from hyaline and elastic cartilage?

A

Fewer lacunae per unit area
Develops from dense connective tissue (not mesenchymal)
No perichondrium

40
Q

Where is fibrocartilage found?

A

Tendon insertions
Pubic symphysis
Intervertebral discs

MCBM Exam 3 (9 decks)

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