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Histology Exam 2 > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage is a type of _____ tissue and has a _____ appearance.

A

Cartilage is a type of connective tissue and has a non-descript appearance (very pale).

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2
Q

Define Cartilage

A

Specialized connective tissue with high tensile strength which consists of cells embedded in an amorphous, gel-like substance.

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3
Q

_____ are cells associated with cartilage.

A

Chondrocytes

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4
Q

What is the term for the small space/compartment that chondrocytes reside in?

A

Lacunae

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5
Q

What is the term for a lacunae that consists of 2-6 chondrocytes?

A

Cell nests

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6
Q

Even though vessels are often visible passing through cartilage it is _____

A

Avascular

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7
Q

Cartilage has considerable tensile strength due to the presence of what?

A

Collagen fibers provide strength to cartilage

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8
Q

What are the two types of glycosaminoglycans present in the matrix of cartilage?

A
  1. Hyaluronic Acid
  2. Chondroitin Sulfate

*Structurally these components resemble a bottle brush with a long unbranched hyaluronic acid and several protein core molecules attached that have chondroitin sulfate groups radiating out and electrostatically binding to the collagen fibrils.

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9
Q

The presence of sulfate groups on the proteoglycan the matrix stains _____

A

The sulfate groups impart an acid nature to the matrix and thus adult cartilage stains basophilically.

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10
Q

What is the specialized capsule-like sheath of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the cartilage?

A

Perichondrium

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11
Q

True or False:

The perichondrium is absent in fibrocartilage

A

True

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12
Q

What are 4 functions of cartilage?

A
  1. Allows for friction-free movement of bones
  2. forms supporting part of nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi and external ear
  3. Protects articular surfaces of bones
  4. Serves as a template for development of bones of the extremities, vertebral column and pelvis
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13
Q

What specialized structure in long bones is cartilage associated with?

A

Growth plate

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14
Q

What is a chondroblast?

A

Young chondrocyte that synthesizes and secretes amorphous ground substance and collagen (active chondrocyte).

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15
Q

What is the term for the matrix surrounding each lacunae?

A

territorial matrix

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16
Q

What is interstitial growth?

A

Growth from within-cartilage expands by adding matrix internally from existing chondrocytes

17
Q

What is appositional growth?

A

growth from the outside; matrix is added externally to the developing cartilage. The cells of the perichondrium divide and secrete ground substance and fibers.

18
Q

What are 3 types of cartilage?

A

Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrocartilage

19
Q

For hyaline cartilage discuss where it might be located, type of fibers and the presence or absence of perichondrium.

A

Hyaline Cartilage

Location-Articular surfaces of bones, nose, larynx, trachea, embryonic skeleton

Fiber type-Collagen

Perichondrium-Present except the articular surface of bone which does not have perichondrium

20
Q

True or False: The perichondrium is present in all hyaline cartilage?

A

False-The perichondrium is absent from the articular surface of bone

21
Q

Discuss Elastic cartilage location, fiber type, and presence or absence of perichondrium.

A

Elastic Cartilage

Location-Pinna of the ear, epiglottis, auditory tube

Fibers-Elastic with some collagen

Perichondrium-present

22
Q

For fibrocartilage discuss the location, fiber type and presence or absence of perichondrium.

A

Fibrocartilage

Location-Intervertebral disks, menisci of stifle joint

Fibers-Collagen bundles

Perichondrium-absent

23
Q

How is cartlage repair different in older versus younger animals?

A

Cartilage is repaired by both appositional and interstitial growth in young animals but in adults is usually replaced by fibrous connective tissue

24
Q

True or False: Cartilage repair is a slow process

A

True

25
Q

True or False: the Veterinary field was using nutritional supplements to aid in the repair and maintenance of cartilage long before MD’s started suggesting it to their patients.

A

True

26
Q

_____ is a common disease in small, long dogs and usually presents as a neurologic problem.

A

Intervertebral disc disease

27
Q

Damage to the _____ is common during tears of the cranial cruciate ligament in large breed dogs.

A

Menisci

Histology Exam 2 (5 decks)

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