Cardiovascular System 1

Question 1

What is the primary function of the vascular system?

Answer 1

Service the needs of the tissues. Provide nutrients and blood flow to tissues and return waste products to appropriate organs.

Question 2

What are the two main divisions of the vascular system?

Answer 2

Pulmonary arc and Systemic arc

Question 3

What cell type lines blood vessels?

Answer 3

Endothelial cells

Question 4

What is the path of blood through the pulmonary arc?

Answer 4

1. Heart pumps blood via elastic (pulmonary) arteries to the lungs 2. Blood is returned to the heart via elastic (pulmonary) veins

Question 5

What is the path of blood through the systemic arc?

Answer 5

1. Heart pumps blood via elastic arteries and muscular arteries 2. Muscular arteries branch to form arterioles which terminate as the terminal vascular bed 3. Terminal vascular bed is drained by venules which then converge on muscular veins 4. Muscular veins join elastic veins

Question 6

What is the lymphatic system?

Answer 6

An extensive drainage network that helps keep bodily fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections.

Question 7

What is the path of fluid through the lymphatic system?

Answer 7

1. Tissue fluid enters small lymph vessels, which empty into large lymph channels 2. Fluid is returned to the vascular system when large lymph channels join the elastic veins returning blood to the heart.

Question 8

What 3 components are found in each layer of the vascular tubular wall?

Answer 8

Collagen, elastic fibers, and smooth muscle

Question 9

True or false: Blood vessels are organs?

Answer 9

True Blood vessels are organs that have their own blood supply (vasa vasorum)

Question 10

What are the 3 layers comprising a blood vessel?

Answer 10

1. Tunica intima (1st) 2. Tunica Media (2nd) 3. Tunica Adventitia (3rd)

Question 11

This layer of the vascular wall consists primarily of endothelium, basal lamina, and subendothelial connective tissue, and a few smooth muscle cells?

Answer 11

Tunica Intima

Question 12

True or False: The Tunica Intima is vascularized?

Answer 12

False

The Tunica intima is avascular

Question 13

What is the elastic layer that forms the outer most part of the tunica intima, separating it from the tunica media?

Answer 13

Internal Elastic Lamina

Question 14

The tunica media consists predominantly of _____ in muscular vessels and _____ in elastic vessels

Answer 14

smooth muscle and elastic

*Collagenous fibers are intermixed with the smooth muscle and/or elastic fibers

Question 15

How are the fibers arranged in the 3 layers of a blood vessel?

Answer 15

1. Tunica Intima has fibers oriented parallel to the long axis of the vessel
2. Tunica media has fibers arranged concentrically (perpendicular-90 deg)
3. Tunica Adventitia has fibers that run parallel to the long axis of the vessel

Question 16

What is the outermost part of the Tunica Media?

Answer 16

External Elastic Lamina

Question 17

How does the tunica media receive nourishment?

Answer 17

Vasa vasorum supply the outer half of the tunica media but the inner half receives nourishment via diffusion through gaps in the internal elastic lamina part of the tunica intima.

Question 18

This layer of blood vessel is composed primarily of connective tissue-collagen and elastic fibers-and contains vasa vasorum and nervi vasorum

Answer 18

Tunica adventitia

Question 19

What is the one constant feature of all vascular components?

Answer 19

Endothelium.

Question 20

Discuss the difference in arteries and veins in relation to shape and lumen to wall ratio.

Answer 20

Shape of arteries is more regular (or round) than that of veins and the lumen to wall ratio is small in arteries and large in veins

Question 21

The ____ is the thickest layer in arteries while the _____ is the thickest layer in veins.

Answer 21

The tunica media is thickest in arteries and the tunica adventitia is thickest in veins

Question 22

Do arteries or veins have thicker walls? Give the reason for this.

Answer 22

Arteries transport blood away from the heart and are under high pressure so the walls are substantially stronger. Veins transport blood back to the heart and the pressure is substantially lower thus the walls are thiner and the tunica media contains a considerable amount of collagen intermixed with the smooth muscle.

Question 23

What structure is present in veins and lymph vessels but not arteries?

Answer 23

Valves

Question 24

What are two distinguishing characteristics of lymph vessels?

Answer 24

1. Walls of lymph vessels lack distinct organization
2. Precipitate may be present in the lumen of the lymph vessel

Question 25

What is the only blood cell present in the lumen of lymph vessels?

Answer 25

Lymphocytes

Question 26

What is the function of elastic and muscular arteries?

Answer 26

Elastic arteries conduct blood away from the heart and muscular arteries distribute the blood to various parts of the body.

Question 27

What is a primary characteristic of elastic vessels?

Answer 27

Tunica media consisting primarily of concentric, fenestrated elastic laminae

Question 28

What is the primary component of tunica media in muscular vessels?

Answer 28

Smooth muscle

Question 29

In elsastic veins the ____ is usually thicker than the ____.

Answer 29

Tunica adventitia is usually thicker than the tunica media

Question 30

What is plaque formation and how does it occur?

Answer 30

Plaque formation occurs due to a build up of elastic and collagen fibers produced from smooth muscle following injury to the tunica intima.