cartilage Flashcards
What is perichondrium
Surrounds the cartilage
Dense irregular connective tissue that contains blood vessels
What are the 3 types of cartilage
Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage
What is a chondrocyte
Cells responsible for cartilage formation
Describe hyaline cartilage and its function
Slippery and smooth which helps your bones move smoothly past each other in your joints
Flexible but strong enough to hold joints in place
Name the locations of hyaline cartilage
Joint cavities
Cartilage of nose, trachea and larynx
Describe elastic cartilage and its function
Like hyaline but more flexible
Can bounce to its original shape after strong force
Name the location of elastic cartilage in the body
External ear and epiglottis
Describe fibrocartilage and its function
Fibrocartilage is very strong
Main function is to act as a cushion to the joints, helps manage compressive forces
Name the location of fibrocartilage
Intervertebral discs
Pubic symphysis
Discs of knee joint (menisci)
What types of cartilage growth can occur
Appositional and interstitial
Mitosis
A process where a single cell divides into two identical daughter cells
Appositional growth
Cartilage cells grow from the perichondrium
Interstitial growth
Cartilage cells grow from the chondrocytes within the cartilage
Lacunae
A cavity or depression, especially in bone
Chrondroblast
Mesenchymal progenitor cells that actively produce the components of the extracellular matrix of cartilage
Extracellular matrix
3-D network of macromolecules that provides support for the cells and tissues.
Describe the cartilage based on these points:
1) Perichondrium
2) Blood vessels and nerves
3) What is in the lacunae
4) Properties of Extracellular matrix, what are they made by
5) Types of growth
1) Surrounded by perichondrium
2) No blood vessels or nerves
3) Chondrocytes in lacunae
4) Flexible extracellular matric and made by the chondroblasts
5) Appositional and interstitial
What are the 7 functions of bones
Fat storage
Mineral storage
Support
Blood cell formation
Anchorage
Protection
Hormone production
What minerals are stored in the bones
Calcium and Phosphorus
Where does fat storage take place in the bones
Yellow bone marrow
Hormone production in the bones
Osteocalcin
What does osteocalcin do?
Helps to regulate insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and energy expenditure
