Bone structure Flashcards
Axial skeleton
Protect, support and carry other body parts
Appendicular skeleton
UL, LL and girdles that attach to the axial skeleton
Classification of bones
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid
Give examples of flat bones
In the skull
Sternum
Ribs
Scapulae
Give examples of long bones
Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Humerus
Radias
Flat bones protect what…
internal organs
Examples of short bones
Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms
Examples of irregular bones
Vertebrae
Sacrum
What do sesamoid bones do?
Reinforce tendons
Example of a sesamoid bone
Patella
Cortical bone
Compact outside layer
Cancellous bone
Spongey inner layer
Trabecula
Bony spines
Describe the structure of short, irregular, and flat bones
Thin plates of spongy bone covered by compact bone
Compact bone covered by periosteum (external) and endosteum (internal).
No shaft or expanded ends
Where they are moveable joints, hyaline cartilage covers their surface
What is the diaphysis
The shaft
Compact bone covers the ….. in the diaphysis
central medullar cavity which contains yellow marrow.
What is the epiphyses
The bone ends
Describe the epiphyses of long bones
Compact outer shell
Spongey inner bone
Articular cartilage covers the surface
Epiphyseal line between the epiphyses and diaphyses
Metaphysis
Flared portion of bone where epiphyses and diaphysis meet
What membrane covers the external surface of long bones?
Periosteum
What membrane covers the internal bone surface
Endosteum - covers the trabeculae and lines the canals that pass through compact bone
Describe the outer and inner layer of the periosteum
Outer-dense irregular connective tissue
Inner- contains the osteoprogenitor, osteoclasts and osteoblasts
Nutrient artery and vein
Main vessel serving the diaphysis
Haematopoietic tissue
Formation of blood cellular components
Where is the blood forming tissue
Red bone marrow
Where is the Haematopoietic tissues found in infants and adults
Red bone marrow but this is restricted to the skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis with age.
Where do the cells of bone tissue originate
All except from osteoclasts originate from the embryonic connective tissue cells
Osteoprogenitor cells (osteogenic)
Mitotically active stem cells found in the periosteum and endosteum
When stimulated -> can differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts-
Bone forming cells that secrete the bone matrix
Actively mitotic
