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Cartilage/bones > Bone structure > Flashcards

Bone structure Flashcards

1
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Protect, support and carry other body parts

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2
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

UL, LL and girdles that attach to the axial skeleton

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3
Q

Classification of bones

A

Long
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

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4
Q

Give examples of flat bones

A

In the skull
Sternum
Ribs
Scapulae

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5
Q

Give examples of long bones

A

Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Humerus
Radias

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6
Q

Flat bones protect what…

A

internal organs

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7
Q

Examples of short bones

A

Calcaneus
Talus
Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

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8
Q

Examples of irregular bones

A

Vertebrae
Sacrum

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9
Q

What do sesamoid bones do?

A

Reinforce tendons

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10
Q

Example of a sesamoid bone

A

Patella

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11
Q

Cortical bone

A

Compact outside layer

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12
Q

Cancellous bone

A

Spongey inner layer

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13
Q

Trabecula

A

Bony spines

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14
Q

Describe the structure of short, irregular, and flat bones

A

Thin plates of spongy bone covered by compact bone

Compact bone covered by periosteum (external) and endosteum (internal).

No shaft or expanded ends

Where they are moveable joints, hyaline cartilage covers their surface

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15
Q

What is the diaphysis

A

The shaft

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16
Q

Compact bone covers the ….. in the diaphysis

A

central medullar cavity which contains yellow marrow.

17
Q

What is the epiphyses

A

The bone ends

18
Q

Describe the epiphyses of long bones

A

Compact outer shell
Spongey inner bone

Articular cartilage covers the surface

Epiphyseal line between the epiphyses and diaphyses

19
Q

Metaphysis

A

Flared portion of bone where epiphyses and diaphysis meet

20
Q

What membrane covers the external surface of long bones?

A

Periosteum

21
Q

What membrane covers the internal bone surface

A

Endosteum - covers the trabeculae and lines the canals that pass through compact bone

22
Q

Describe the outer and inner layer of the periosteum

A

Outer-dense irregular connective tissue

Inner- contains the osteoprogenitor, osteoclasts and osteoblasts

23
Q

Nutrient artery and vein

A

Main vessel serving the diaphysis

24
Q

Haematopoietic tissue

A

Formation of blood cellular components

25
Q

Where is the blood forming tissue

A

Red bone marrow

26
Q

Where is the Haematopoietic tissues found in infants and adults

A

Red bone marrow but this is restricted to the skull, sternum, ribs, vertebrae and pelvis with age.

27
Q

Where do the cells of bone tissue originate

A

All except from osteoclasts originate from the embryonic connective tissue cells

28
Q

Osteoprogenitor cells (osteogenic)

A

Mitotically active stem cells found in the periosteum and endosteum

When stimulated -> can differentiate into osteoblasts

29
Q

Osteoblasts-

A

Bone forming cells that secrete the bone matrix

Actively mitotic

Cartilage/bones (2 decks)

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