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Micro Anatomy and Histology > Cartilage > Flashcards

Cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Types of adult connective tissue

A

Dense irregular, Dense regular and Loose irregular

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2
Q

Connective tissue contains

A

Cells that secrete fibers and amorphous ground substance

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3
Q

Chondroblasts

A

Cells in cartilage that are capable of division and produce matrix

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4
Q

Chondrocytes

A

Cells in cartilage that do not divide and maintain matrix

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5
Q

Chondroclasts

A

Cells in cartilage that are osteoclasts and break down calcified cartilage

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6
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Type of cartilage cell Found on outer surface (perichondrium) of cartilage

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7
Q

Cartilage lacks what and what must happen?

A

blood vessels (avascular) so nutrients must percolate (diffuse) through matrix into cell

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8
Q

Interstitial Growth

A

in cartilage when condroblasts divide and secrete matrix between daughter cells

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9
Q

Appositional Growth

A

in cartilage when there is cell growth along edges of pre-existing outer cartilage boundary

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10
Q

Osteoblasts

A

bone forming cells that form bone through organic matrix secretion-osteoid- and then mineralization
not embedded in matrix
form in groups to create osteocytes
go into areas left behind by osteoclasts

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11
Q

Osteocytes

A

derived from osteoblasts, embedded in matrix

and can be stimulated by parathyroid hormone to break down matrix

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12
Q

Canaliculi

A

micro channels in matrix that allow cellular processes to make contact with adjacent osteocytes and osteoblasts to allow coordinated activity via gap junctions

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13
Q

Osteoclasts

A

multinucleated giant cells derived form fusion of monocytes/macrophages that breakdown matrix forming erosion lacunae around themselves - commonly in fetal bone where it is often being resorbed and remodeled
can dissolve bond and calcified cartilage
osteoblasts take up space they leave behind to create new bone or replace calcified cartilage with stronger bone

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14
Q

Osteoid

A

matrix of bone with organic components- type 1 collagen fibers and ground substance (give tensile strength of bone)
and inorganic components- hydroxyapatite crystals that give compressive strength

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15
Q

Lamellar bone

A

mature bone- most of adult skeleton

arranged in organized layers called lamellae

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16
Q

Woven bone

A

immature bone that is always replaced by lamellar bone

will still have a physics

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17
Q

Compact/ cortical bone

A

dense bone- can be woven, lamellar or mixed

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18
Q

Cancellous/trabecular/spongy bone

A

spicules of bone (trabeculae) - that may be woven, lamellar or mixed

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19
Q

Osteon

A

structural unit of mature bone formed by lamellae around central canal to form a tubular unit

20
Q

Central Canal

A

center of osteon, contains blood and lymphatic vessels and nonmyelinated nerve fibers

21
Q

Perforating canals

A

allow blood vessels in neighboring osteon central canals to communicate

22
Q

Interstitial lamellae

A

fragments of partially degraded osteon with no central canals
filler in-between osteons

23
Q

Inner circumferential lamellae

A

found on inner surface of the bone- arranged in circular pattern around marrow cavity of bone

24
Q

Outer circumferential lamellae

A

found on outer surface of bone, just deep to periosteum

25
Q

Endosteum

A

Inner connective tissue lining of bone that covers all inner surfaces- including all canals

26
Q

Periosteum

A

outer connective tissue of bone that runs along diaphysis, highly vascularized and innervated (causes pain)
has outer fibrous layer made of dense irregular connective tissue with fibroblasts as predominant cell and inner cellular later with osteoprogenetor, osteoblast, and osteocyte cells

27
Q

Bony trabeculae

A

a spindle of bone found in spongy bone that is a lattice work of bone that provides strength without adding weight- important for birds

28
Q

Osteogenesis

A

bone formation: no matter where bone is formed it does it by transforming from existing connective tissue

29
Q

What lines the articular (outer) surface of bone

A

articular (hyaline) cartilage

30
Q

What is the growth plate (physis) made of

A

Hyaline cartilage

31
Q

Where and what is the epiphysis

A

between articular cartilage and growth plate. It is an expanded articular end of long bones that develop separately from diaphysis

32
Q

Where is metaphysis

A

under the articular cartilage, epiphysis, and growth plate (physi s)
aka between epiphysis and diaphysis

33
Q

Dyaphysis

A

the shaft of long bones containing cortical (compact) bone and bone marrow

34
Q

Regularly arranged collagen or elastic fibers are only found in what?

A

Tendons or ligaments

35
Q

Endosteum

A

lines all inner surfaces of bone- trabecular and cortical bone on marrow side inside periosteum

36
Q

Megakaryocytes

A

look like osteoclasts but form platelets and are found in marrow cavity and are more uniformly rounded and multilobulated nucleus

37
Q

What is it called when osteoid becomes mineralized

A

bone

38
Q

What is rouleaux formation?

A

stacked RBCs

39
Q

What is crenation?

A

Shrunked RBC with spikes because of a high osmolarity of environment- water coming 9ut of cell

40
Q

What is anisocytosis?

A

Variation in the size of blood cells from normal

41
Q

What is hemolysis?

A

blood cell “ghosts” due to hypotonicity- cell uptakes too much water because environment has high water content and bursts

42
Q

What is poikilocytosis?

A

variation in shape in blood cells

43
Q

What are the ways to describe changes in color of blood cells

A

normochromatic- normal
hyperchromatic- excess hemoglobin
hypochromatic- decreased amount of hemoglobin

44
Q

What is a reticulocyte?

A

A immature form of RBC that contains remnants of ribosomal material

45
Q

What are leukocytes?

A

White Blood cells

Micro Anatomy and Histology (3 decks)

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