CARs Regulations

Question 1

Controlled airspace consists of the following types of airspace:

Answer 1

(a) the Arctic Control Area, Northern Control Area and Southern Control Area;
(b) high level airspace;
(c) high level airways;
(d) low level airspace;
(e) low level airways;
(f) fixed RNAV routes;
(g) terminal control areas;
(h) military terminal control areas;
(i) control area extensions;
(j) transition areas;
(k) control zones;
(l) restricted airspace;
(m) advisory airspace;
(n) military operations areas; and
(o) danger areas.

Question 2

Uncontrolled airspace consists of the following types of airspace:

Answer 2

(a) high level airspace;
(b) low level airspace;
(c) high level air routes;
(d) low level air routes;
(e) fixed RNAV routes;
(f) restricted airspace;
(g) advisory airspace;
(h) military operations areas; and
(i) danger areas.

Question 3

The class of any uncontrolled airspace of a type referred to in subsection 601.01(2) is one of the following, as specified in the Designated Airspace Handbook:

Answer 3

(a) Class G;
(b) Class F Special Use Restricted; or
(c) Class F Special Use Advisory.

Question 4

The class of any controlled airspace of a type referred to in subsection 601.01(1) is one of the following, as specified in the Designated Airspace Handbook:

Answer 4

(a) Class A;
(b) Class B;
(c) Class C;
(d) Class D;
(e) Class E;
(f) Class F Special Use Restricted; or
(g) Class F Special Use Advisory.

Question 5

601.15 Forest Fire Aircraft Operating Restrictions

No person shall operate an aircraft:

Answer 5

(a) over a forest fire area, or over any area that is located within five nautical miles of a forest fire area, at an altitude of less than 3,000 feet AGL; or
(b) in any airspace that is described in a NOTAM issued pursuant to section 601

Question 6

602.03 Alcohol or Drugs − Crew Members

No person shall act as a crew member of an aircraft

Answer 6

(a) within 12 hours after consuming an alcoholic beverage;
(b) while under the influence of alcohol; or
(c) while using any drug that impairs the person’s faculties to the extent that the safety of the aircraft or of persons on board the aircraft is endangered in any way.

Question 7

A person may conduct a take-off in a balloon within a built-up area of a city or town from a place that is not located at an airport, heliport or a military aerodrome, where

Answer 7

(a) permission to use the place as a launch site has been obtained from the land owner;
(b) a special aviation event is not being held at that place at the time of take-off;
(c) no written objection in respect of the use of the place as a launch site has been received by the Minister from a competent land use authority;

Question 8

Except where conducting a take-off, approach or landing or where permitted under section 602.15, no person shall operate an aircraft

Answer 8

(a) over a built-up area or over an open-air assembly of persons unless the aircraft is operated at an altitude from which, in the event of an emergency necessitating an immediate landing, it would be possible to land the aircraft without creating a hazard to persons or property on the surface, and, in any case, at an altitude that is not lower than
(i) for aeroplanes, 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 2,000 feet from the aeroplane,
(ii) for balloons, 500 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 500 feet from the balloon, or
(iii) for an aircraft other than an aeroplane or a balloon, 1,000 feet above the highest obstacle located within a horizontal distance of 500 feet from the aircraft; and
(b) in circumstances other than those referred to in paragraph (a), at a distance less than 500 feet from any person, vessel, vehicle or structure.

Question 9

When two aircraft are converging at approximately the same altitude, the pilot-in-command of the aircraft that has the other on its right shall give way, except as follows:

Answer 9

(a) a power-driven, heavier-than-air aircraft shall give way to airships, gliders and balloons;
(b) an airship shall give way to gliders and balloons;
(c) a glider shall give way to balloons; and
(d) a power-driven aircraft shall give way to aircraft that are seen to be towing gliders or other objects or carrying a slung load.

Question 10

When two balloons operating at different altitudes are converging the PIC of what balloon shall give way to the other balloon?

Answer 10

When two balloons operating at different altitudes are converging, the pilot-in-command of the balloon at the higher altitude shall give way to the balloon at the lower altitude.

Question 11

Which heading should the pilot turn when two aircraft are approaching head-on or approximately so and there is a risk of collision?

Answer 11

Where two aircraft are approaching head-on or approximately so and there is a risk of collision, the pilot-in-command of each aircraft shall alter its heading to the right.

Question 12

602.24No person shall operate an aircraft in formation with other aircraft except by pre-arrangement between

Answer 12

(a) the pilots-in-command of the aircraft; OR
(b) where the flight is conducted within a control zone, the pilots-in-command and the appropriate air traffic control unit.

Question 13

602.27No person operating an aircraft shall conduct aerobatic manoeuvres:

Answer 13

(a) over a built-up area or an open-air assembly of persons;
(b) in controlled airspace, except in accordance with a special flight operations certificate issued pursuant to section 603.67;
(c) when flight visibility is less than three miles; or
(d) below 2,000 feet AGL, except in accordance with a special flight operations certificate issued pursuant to section 603.02 or 603.67.

Question 14

(3)A person may operate a hang glider in Class E airspace where (a)the pilot (3 things):

Answer 14

(i) is at least 16 years of age,
(ii) is in possession of a Category 1, 3 or 4 medical certificate, AND
(iii) has obtained a grade of not less than 60 per cent on a Department of Transport written examination pertaining to the Canadian Aviation Regulations, air traffic procedures, flight instruments, navigation, flight operations and human factors respecting hang glider operations in Class E airspace;

Question 15

(3)A person may operate a hang glider in Class E airspace where (aside from meeting pilot requirements):

Answer 15

(b) the hang glider is equipped with a magnetic compass and altimeter;
(c) the flight is a cross-country flight; and
(d) the pilot informs the nearest flight service station of the time of departure and estimated duration of the flight in Class E airspace.

Question 16

When can a person may operate a hang glider or an ultra-light aeroplane in controlled airspace? (3 things)

Answer 16

(a) within five nautical miles from the centre of an airport or heliport or within a control zone of an uncontrolled airport where the person has obtained permission from the airport or heliport operator;
(b) within a control zone of a controlled airport where the person has obtained an air traffic control clearance by two-way radio voice communication from the air traffic control unit of the airport; or
(c) where the aircraft is an advanced ultra-light aeroplane, if the aeroplane is equipped in accordance with section 605.14.

Question 17

602.29(1)No person shall operate a hang glider or an ultra-light aeroplane unless the aircraft is equipped with:

Answer 17

(i)a suitable means of restraint that is attached to the primary structure of the aircraft,
(ii)a radiocommunication system adequate to permit two-way communication on the appropriate frequency when the aircraft is operated within
(A)Class D airspace,
(B)the ADIZ, or .
(C)an MF area, and
(iii)where the aircraft is an ultra-light aeroplane, a placard that is affixed to a surface in plain view of any occupant seated at the flight controls and that states, “THIS AEROPLANE IS OPERATING WITHOUT A CERTIFICATE OF AIRWORTHINESS”;

Question 18

602.29(1)No person shall operate a hang glider or an ultra-light aeroplane unless each person on board:

Answer 18

(i) is secured by a means of restraint referred to in subparagraph (d)(i), and
(ii) where the aircraft is not an advanced ultra-light aeroplane, is wearing a protective helmet.

Question 19

Two other requirements for a person to operate a hang glider or an ultra-light aeroplane:

Answer 19

(a) No Flyingat night;

(b) No IFR flight;

Question 20

A person may operate a hang glider in Class E airspace where (3 things aside from those mentioned in pilot requirements):

Answer 20

(b) the hang glider is equipped with a magnetic compass and altimeter;
(c) the flight is a cross-country flight; and
(d) the pilot informs the nearest flight service station of the time of departure and estimated duration of the flight in Class E airspace.

Question 21

602.34(1)The appropriate cruising altitude or cruising flight level for an aircraft in level cruising flight is determined in accordance with:

Answer 21

(a) the magnetic track, in the Southern Domestic Airspace; and
(b) the true track, in the Northern Domestic Airspace.

Question 22

(2)Subject to subsection (3), the pilot-in-command of an aircraft shall ensure that the aircraft is operated at a cruising altitude or cruising flight level appropriate to the track, as set out in the table to this section, unless the pilot-in-command is assigned another altitude or flight level by an air traffic control unit and the aircraft is operated in level cruising flight

Answer 22

(a) at more than 3,000 feet AGL, in VFR flight; or

(b) in IFR flight.

Question 23

Pilots flying VFR must stay at ____ altitudes (Eastbound) and _____ altitudes (Westbound)

Answer 23

(1) Odd + 500’;

(2) Even + 500’;

Question 24

Unless otherwise authorized by the appropriate air traffic control unit, no pilot-in-command shall operate an aircraft at an altitude of less than _____ feet over an aerodrome except for the purpose of landing or taking off or if the aircraft is operated pursuant to subsection (5).

Answer 24

2,000 ft

Question 25

True or False: 602.97(1)Subject to subsection (3), no pilot-in-command shall operate a VFR or IFR aircraft within an MF area unless the aircraft is equipped with radio communication equipment pursuant to Subpart 5.

Answer 25

True

Question 26

(3)The pilot-in-command of a VFR aircraft that is not equipped with the radiocommunication equipment referred to in subsection (1) may operate the aircraft to or from an uncontrolled aerodrome that lies within an MF area if (4 things):

Answer 26

(a) a ground station is in operation at the aerodrome;
(b) prior notice of the pilot-in-command’s intention to operate the aircraft at the aerodrome has been given to the ground station;
(c) when conducting a take-off, the pilot-in-command ascertains by visual observation that there is no likelihood of collision with another aircraft or a vehicle during take-off; and
(d) when approaching for a landing, the aircraft enters the aerodrome traffic circuit from a position that will require it to complete two sides of a rectangular circuit before turning onto the final approach path.

Question 27

602. 98(1)Every report made pursuant to this Division shall be made on the mandatory frequency that has been specified for use in the applicable MF area.
     (2) Every report referred to in subsection (1) shall be

Answer 27

(a) directed to the ground station associated with the MF area, if a ground station exists and is in operation; or
(b) broadcast, if a ground station does not exist or is not in operation.

Question 28

602.101The pilot-in-command of a VFR aircraft arriving at an uncontrolled aerodrome that lies within an MF area shall report (5 things):

Answer 28

(a) before entering the MF area and, where circumstances permit, shall do so at least five minutes before entering the area, giving the aircraft’s position, altitude and estimated time of landing and the pilot-in-command’s arrival procedure intentions;
(b) when joining the aerodrome traffic circuit, giving the aircraft’s position in the circuit;
(c) when on the downwind leg, if applicable;
(d) when on final approach; and
(e) when clear of the surface on which the aircraft has landed.

Question 29

Reporting Procedures When Flying through an MF Area

602.103The pilot-in-command of an aircraft flying through an MF area shall report (2 things):

Answer 29

(a) before entering the MF area and, where circumstances permit, shall do so at least five minutes before entering the area, giving the aircraft’s position and altitude and the pilot-in-command’s intentions; and
(b) when clear of the MF area.

Question 30

Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace no person shall operate an aircraft in VFR flight within controlled airspace unless where the aircraft is operated within a control zone:

Answer 30

(i) when reported, ground visibility is not less than three miles, and
(ii) except when taking off or landing, the distance of the aircraft from the surface is not less than 500 feet.

Question 31

Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace no person shall operate an aircraft in VFR flight within controlled airspace unless where

Answer 31

(a) the aircraft is operated with visual reference to the surface;
(b) flight visibility is not less than three miles;
(c) the distance of the aircraft from cloud is not less than 500 feet vertically and one mile horizontally; and (See other question for control zone);

Question 32

Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Uncontrolled Airspace.No person shall operate an aircraft in VFR flight within uncontrolled airspace unless (4 things plus subsections!):

Answer 32

(a) the aircraft is operated with visual reference to the surface;
(b) where the aircraft is operated at or above 1,000 feet AGL
(i) during the day, flight visibility is not less than one mile,
(ii) during the night, flight visibility is not less than three miles, and
(iii) in either case, the distance of the aircraft from cloud is not less than 500 feet vertically and 2,000 feet horizontally;
(c) where the aircraft is not a helicopter and is operated at less than 1,000 feet AGL
(i) during the day, flight visibility is not less than two miles, except if otherwise authorized in an air operator certificate,
(ii) during the night, flight visibility is not less than three miles, and
(iii) in either case, the aircraft is operated clear of cloud; and
(d) where the aircraft is a helicopter and is operated at less than 1,000 feet AGL
(i) during the day, flight visibility is not less than one mile, except if otherwise authorized in an air operator certificate or a flight training unit operator certificate — helicopter,
(ii) during the night, flight visibility is not less than three miles, and
(iii) in either case, the aircraft is operated clear of cloud.

Question 33

What are the languages of aeronautical radiocommunication in Canada?

Answer 33

English and French

Question 34

Persons for whom oxygen must be available?

Answer 34

All flight crew members and 10% of passengers. In any case no less than 1 passenger.

Question 35

Oxygen must be supplied entire period of flight exceeding ____ minutes above ______ft ___.

Answer 35

30 minutes, 10,000ft ASL

Question 36

Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Controlled Airspace (CAR 602.114)
1. You cannot fly in VFR conditions in controlled airspace unless:

Answer 36

a. you maintain visual reference to the surface;
b. flight visibility is not less than three miles;
c. the distance of the aircraft from cloud is not less than 500 feet vertically and one mile
horizontally; and
2. In addition, if you are flying in a control zone, then,
a. ground visibility cannot be less than three miles, and
b. except when taking off or landing, you have to be at least 500’ above the surface;

Question 37

Minimum Visual Meteorological Conditions for VFR Flight in Uncontrolled Airspace (CAR
602.115). You cannot fly VFR in uncontrolled airspace unless

Answer 37

you maintain visual reference to the surface;

b. If you are at 1,000 feet AGL or above:
(1) during the day, flight visibility is not less than one mile,
(2) during the night, flight visibility is not less than three miles, and
(3) in either case, your distance from cloud is not less than 500 feet vertically and 2,000 feet horizontally;
c. If you are at less than 1,000’ AGL
(1) during the day, flight visibility is not less than two miles,
(2) during the night, flight visibility is not less than three miles, and
(3) in either case, you are clear of cloud.

Question 38

Oxygen Equipment and Supply (CAR 605.31). All HG/PG must be equipped with sufficient oxygen for each occupant for (2 points):

Answer 38

a. all flight exceeding 30 minutes between 10,000’ and 13,000’ ASL; and
b. all flights above 13,000’ ASL.

Question 39

What are some common navigation aids? (5 total)

Answer 39

VORs (the most common), DMEs, VORTACS, TACANs and NDBs.