Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Orthopaedics > Carpus And Tarsus > Flashcards

Carpus And Tarsus Flashcards

1
Q

What provides palmar support to the carpus?

A

Palmar fibrocartilage
Ligaments
.degeneration in shelties leads to a palmigrade stance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Differentials in carpal disease

A

Luxations / sub-luxations

  • antebrachiocarpal joint
  • radial carpal bone
  • middle carpal bone
  • carpometacarpal
  • collateral instability

Fractures - radial, accessory, ulnar carpal bones

Hyperextension injuries
Shearing injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How should you treat a fracture of the radial carpal bone?

A

Common

Lag screw
Lateral and caudal splints for 4-6w for support

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How should you treat fractures of the accessory carpal bone?

A

Remove fragments
Lag screw
Lateral and caudal splints for 4-6 weeks for support

Comminuted - conservative management indicated
- lateral and caudal splint for 4-6 weeks

Comminuted fractures and fractures on the cranial ventral spect are common

Dx CT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How can you treat carpal luxations and subluxations?

A

Partial / pnacarpal Arthrodesis more common
Can reduce and reconstruct ligaments
Or replace ligaments with synthetic sutures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How dos a carpal hyperextension injury present and how can you diagnose it?

A

Following trauma
Palmigrade stance - no obvious signs of pain after the swelling reduces

Carpometacarpal joint is most commonly affected
Dx: stress view radiographs - opening of the palmar aspect of the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How can you treat a carpal hyperextension injury?

A

Partial or total carpal Arthrodesis

  • pin fixation
  • plate fixation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How should you treat traumatic shearing injuries?

A

External fixation - allows wound management

Amputation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where are you likely see osteophytes in the tarsus on a radiograph?

A

Cranial and caudal aspect of the tarsal joints

Articular surface roughening is also seen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are some differentials for tarsal disease?

A 
Luxations / subluxations
Fractures
Shearing injuries
Hyperextension 
OCD
Luxation of SDFT tendon
Common calcanean tendinopathy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How can you treat tarsal luxations / subluxations?

A

Reconstruction of the ligaments
Prosthetic ligaments
Reattach ligaments
Pantarsal Arthrodesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How can you treat distal calcaneus fractures?

A

Lateral or plantar plate fixation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can you treat avulsion fractures of the calcaneus?

A

Pins and tension bands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How can you treat fractures of the central tarsal bone, talus and numbered tarsal bones?

A

Reduction and stabilisation with pins, plates or lag screws
Arthrodesis

If very small fragments - conservative
- caudal and lateral splint for 4-6w

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How does luxation of the superficial digital flexor muscle present?

A

Due to rupture of the lateral or medial retinaculum

Intermittent lameness
Popping sensation on the back of the hock when hock moved

Tx: debridement of fibrous tissue and tendon reduction
Suturing tendon retinaculum
Lateral splint for 2-3 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does common calcanean tendon rupture present?

A

Acute - plantigrade immediately
Chronic - gradually become plantigrade

Complete rupture - completely plantigrade
Partial - SDFT only - plantigrade with flexed toes

17
Q

How can you diagnose common calcanean tendon rupture?

A

ST swelling ++ in tendon
Avulsions
Enthesiopathy of the common calcanean tendon in chronic disease

18
Q

How can you treat common calcanean tendonopathy?

A

Debridement of necrotic tendon edges
Surgical repair of tendon

Immobilise the tarsus for 8-10 weeks

  • external fixation
  • cast or lateral splint
  • calcaneotibial screw
19
Q

How does OCD present in the the tarsus and when should you perform surgery?

A

Large breeds
Both trochlear ridges of the talus are affected
- medial ridge is more commonly affected

Arthroscopy has a better prognosis if the patient is less than 6mo

There will be long term OA

20
Q

How should you treat a fracture of the central tarsal bone?

A

Positional screw to the 4th tarsal bone

Splint support for 4 weeks

21
Q

What breed is predisposed to tarsal hyperextension? And how should you treat it?

A

Shetland sheepdog

Tarsal Arthrodesis

22
Q

How should you perform tarsal Arthrodesis?

A 
Remove articular cartilage
Maintain proper joint angles
Rigid long standing fixation 
Bone grafting 
Additional stabilisation with splints
23
Q

How can you treat metacarpal / metatarsal fractures and when should you do it?

A

Conservative - external coaptation

Surgery with IM pins or dorsal plates

  • more than 2 bones affected
  • involves the articular surfaces
  • more than 50% displaced
  • large breed or working dogs
24
Q

How should you treat phalanx fractures?

A

Toe amputation

Conservative management

25
Q

How should you treat luxations / subluxations?

A

Reduction

Toe amputation

Small Animal Orthopaedics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions