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ZA - Cardio Diseases > Carotid Disease > Flashcards

Carotid Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What can atherosclerosis of the carotids cause?

A

TIA

Stroke

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2
Q

What is a TIA?

A

Cerebral ischaemia

Symptoms last LESS than 24 hrs

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3
Q

What is a stroke?

A

Disturbance of cerebral function due to a vascular event.

Symptoms last OVER 24 hrs or cause death

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4
Q

What are the 2 main causes of stroke?

A

Cerebral infarction

Haemorrhage

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5
Q

What can cause a cerebral infarction?

A

Carotid plaque/thrombosis
Carotid artery trauma
Haematological disorder - sickle cell disease
MI

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6
Q

What types of haemorrhages cause strokes?

A

Primary intracerebral

Subarachnoid

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7
Q

Risk factors?

A 
Male
Age
Smoking
Weight
Hyperglycemia 
Hypertension
Hyperlipidaemia
Family history
Previous DVT to a flight
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8
Q

What examinations are done to diagnose?

A

Neuro exam with emphasis on contralateral symptoms

Cardiac exam
Auscultating carotids

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9
Q

What are the contralateral symptoms?

A 
Paralysis
Paresis
Visuospatial neglect
Dysphasia
Ipsilateral amausrosis fugax - temp blindness in one or both eyes
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10
Q

What is paresis?

A

Muscular weakness due to nerve damage - partial paralysis

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11
Q

What is dysphasia?

A

A language disorder causing deficinecy in generation of speech due to brain damage

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12
Q

What investigations can be done?

A

CT scan

Carotid USS

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13
Q

What is the best medical therapy?

A

Stop smoking
Control hypertension and diabetes

Antiplatelet meds
Statins

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14
Q

What is a carotid endarterctomy?

A

Removal of plaque from carotids via incision and then closure

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15
Q

When is a carotid endarterctomy good?

A

When artery is severely occluded/narrowed

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16
Q

Complications from a carotid endarterctomy?

A 
Wound infection
Bleeding
Scar
VAN damage
Stroke
17
Q

What nerves are near carotids and at most risk?

A

Glossopharengeal
Hypoglossal
Vagus

18
Q

How can a carotid endarterctomy cause a stroke?

A

Cause plaque rupture

Thrombosis

19
Q

What else could be done besides a carotid endarterctomy?

A

Stenting

20
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

Basically if one carotid is blocked, perfusion to that side of the brain it supplies (right to left and vice versa) can still happen.

ZA - Cardio Diseases (36 decks)

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