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Vascular > Carotid > Flashcards

Carotid Flashcards

1
Q

aphasia

A

inability to express oneself, dominant hemisphere, usually left

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2
Q

dysphasia

A

impairment of speech, lack of coordination, can’t arrange words in proper order

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3
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty swallowing

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4
Q

dysarrthria

A

imperfect articulation , slurring etc.

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5
Q

lateralized paresthesia

A

tingling, numbness, contralateral hemisphere affected

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6
Q

hemiparesis

A

lateralized weakness, contralateral hemisphere affected

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7
Q

hemiplegia

A

lateralized paralysis, contralateral hemisphere affected

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8
Q

amaurosis fugax

A

transient monocular blindness- ipsilateral carotid artery

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9
Q

ataxia

A

incoordination of muscle movements, contralateral hemisphere affected

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10
Q

drop attack

A

falling down without fainting

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11
Q

drop attacks are a type of

A

VBI = vertebrobasilar insufficiency

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12
Q

syncope

A

being unconscious without losing consciousness

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13
Q

syncope

A

temporary loss of consciousness caused by a fall in blood pressure.

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14
Q

vertigo

A

sensation of motion or spinning

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15
Q

dizziness

A

sensation of being off balance

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16
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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17
Q

binocular blindness

A

transient, bilateral blindness, acute onset

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18
Q

4 causes of stroke

A 
cardiac source (emboli)
carotid origin 
cerebral aneurysm rupture
vasospasm- sickle cell anemia
congenital AVM
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19
Q

carotid origin

A

thrombus, emboli, stenosis, occlusion, atherosclerotic stenosis

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20
Q

vasospasm can be caused by

A

sickle cell anemia

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21
Q

cerebral aneurysm rupture causes

A

intracranial hemorrhage

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22
Q

intracranial hemorrhage aka

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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23
Q

intracranial aneurysm aka

A

Berry aneurysm

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24
Q

vasospasm usually follows

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage

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25
Q

brachiocepalic artery aka

A

innominate

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26
Q

distal vertebral arteries form the

A

basilar artery

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27
Q

basilar artery supplies

A

posterior hemisphere via PCA

28
Q

first branch off aorta

A

innominate/ brachiocepalic

29
Q

second branch off aorta

30
Q

third branch off aorta

A

left subclavian artery

31
Q

first branch off ICA

A

ophthalmic artery

32
Q

RCCA branches off

A

innominate a

33
Q

first branch off ECA

A

superior thyroid a

34
Q

ICA sits more ___ than the ECA

35
Q

how to tell the ICA from the ECA

A

ECA has branches

36
Q

the ECA has ____ branches

A

extracranial

37
Q

flow pattern in ICA

38
Q

flow pattern in ECA

39
Q

temporal tap

A

to distinguish ECA

40
Q

sonolucent/echolucent

41
Q

velocity changes occur when stenosis becomes

A

50% or greater

42
Q

vertebral artery flow pattern

43
Q

PSV in vert a

A

20-70 cm/s

44
Q

retrograde flow in vert a suggests

A

subclavian steal

45
Q

distal to stenosis

A

turbulence, tardus parvus

46
Q

prox to stenosis

A

increased pulsatility, low velocity

47
Q

FMD

A

fibromuscular dysplasia

48
Q

FMD affects

A

media of walls, women, renal arteries, ICA

49
Q

FMD appearance

A

“string of pearls”

50
Q

medial fibroplasia

A

most common type of FMD

51
Q

prox CCA dissection occurs with

A

aortic dissection

52
Q

carotid body tumour location

A

between ICA and ECA, in fork of CCA bif

53
Q

carotid body tumour

A

slow growing, benign, asymptomatic

54
Q

carotid body tumour aka

A

chemodectoma, paraganglioma

55
Q

carotid body tumour on US

A

splaying of ICA, ECA
looks like thryoid tissue
highly vascular - fed by ECA

56
Q

atherosclerosis affects predominantly

57
Q

prox disease indicated by

A

rounded waveform, prolonged rise to peak (AT), low amplitude (PSV)

58
Q

re-stenosis of stent caused by

A

neo-intimal hyperplasia, kinking

59
Q

NASCET

A

north american symptomatic carotid endarterectomy trials. 1991

60
Q

% stenosis =

A

100 x [1- (residual lumen/true lumen)]

61
Q

NASCET % stenosis

A

70% or greater

62
Q

NASCET outcome

A

symptomatic patients benefitted from CEA

63
Q

ACAS

A

asymptomatic carotid atherosclerosis study

64
Q

ACAS % stenosis

A

60% or greater, asymptomatic males

65
Q

ACAS outcome

A

reduced stroke risk by 6 % over 5 yrs

66
Q

ACAS for women

A

no benefit

67
Q

ACAS measurement

A

residual lumen compared to ICA diameter distal to stenosis

Vascular (5 decks)

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