Carl Rogers Flashcards
Carl Roger’s Theory
Person-Centered Theory
Carl Rogers is best known as the founder of
Client-centered theory
This approach was known as “nondirective”
Person-Centered Theory
Basic assumptions of Person-Centered Theory
Formative Tendency and Actualizing Tendency
Tendency for all matter, both organic and inorganic, to evolve from simpler to more complex forms.
Formative Tendency
for the entire universe, a creative process, rather than a disintegrative one, is in operation.
Formative Tendency
Tendency within all humans (and other animals and plants) yo move toward completion or fulfillment of potentials
Actualizing Tendency
This tendency is the only motive people possess. The need to satisfy one’s hunger drive, to express deep emotions when they are felt and toa accept one’s self are all examples of the single motive of
Actualization/ actualizing tendendy
-Similar to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
- includes such basic needs as food, air and safety: but it also includes the tendency to resist change and seek status quo.
Maintenance
The need to become more, to develop, and to achieve growth
Enhancement
Subset of actualization tendency and it is to actualize the self as perceived in awareness
Self-actualization
Difference between actualization tendency and self-actualization
Actualization tendency refers to organismic experiences of an individual, refer to the whole person conscious and unconscious
Self-actualization tendency to actualize the self as perceived in awareness
Two self subsystems
Self-concept and ideal self
All those aspects of one’s being and one’s experience that are perceived in awareness by the individual
Not identical to organismic self
Self -concept
One’s view of self as one wishes to be
Ideal self
Symbolic representation (not necessarily in verbal symbols) of some portion of our experience.
Awareness
Levels of awareness
- ignored or denied
- accurately symbolized
- distorted form
Experienced below the threshold of awareness
Ignored or denied
Such experiences are noth nonthreatening and consistent with the existing self-concept
Accurately symbolized
Experience is not consistent with the view of our self, we reshape or distort the experience so that it can be assimilated into our existing self-concept
Distorted form
Person develops a need to be loved, liked or accepted by other people
- prerequisite of positive self-regard
Positive regard
Experience of prizing or valuing one’s self
Positive self-regard
Barriers to Psychological Health
- conditions of worth
- incongruence
- vulnerability
- anxiety and threat
- disorganization
Perceive that their parents, peers, or partners love and accept them only of they meet those people’s expectations and approval
Conditions of worth
Perceptions of other people’s views of us
External evaluations
Psychological disequilibrium begins when we fail to recognize our organismic experiences into awareness because they appear to be inconsistent with our emerging self-concept
Incongruence
Unaware of the discrepancy between their organismic self and their significant experience.
Vulnerability/vulnerable
State of uneasiness or tension whose cause is unknown
Anxiety
Awareness that our self is not longer whole or congruent.
Threat
Protection of the self-concept against anxiety and threat by denial or distortion of experiences inconsistent with it
Defensiveness
2 chief defenses
Distortion and denial
We misinterpreted an experience in order to fit into some aspect of our self- concept
Distortion
Refuse to perceived an experience in awareness or atleast we keep some aspect of it from reaching symbolization.
Denial
People sometimes behave consistently with their organismic experience and some times in accordance with their shattered self-concept
Person’s organismic experiences are matched by sn awareness of them and by an ability and willingness to openly express theses feelings
Congruence
Congruence involves:
- Feelings
- Awareness
- Expression
- exists without any conditions or qualifications
- experiencing a warm, positive and accepting attitude toward what is the client
Unconditional positive regard
3 conditions of Psychological growth
C- COUNSELOR CONGRUENCE
U- UNCONDITIONAL POSITIVE REGARD
E- EMPATHIC LISTENING
Therapist accurately sense the feelings of their clients and are able to communicate these perceptions.
Empathetic listening
