Carl Rogers Flashcards
Conscious Beings
Ruled by conscious perception of ourselves and experiential world
- rejected unconscious & past
- childhood experiences affect perception of environment and self
- current feelings have greater impact
Life of Rogers
- Mother showed him little joy, favoured brother
- Lead him to live by someone else view instead of his own
- Nervous breakdown - U of Chicago
The self and tendency toward actualization
Family environment & social interaction did not correlate strongly w delinquent behaviour
- internal not external factors
- traditional counselling of focusing on poor social environment was wrong
Actualization Tendency
Basic human motivation to actualize, maintain and enhance the self
Encompasses all physiological needs
Process involves difficult growth
Organismic Valuing Process
Process by which we judge experiences in terms of value for fostering or hindering our actualization
Prefer to avoid undesirable experiences and repeat desirable ones
Phenomenology
Only reliable reality is subjective experience & inner perception of reality
Our experiences become the only basis for our judgements & behaviours
Need for Positive Regard
-Acceptance, love and approval from others
-Universal & persistent need
-Parental disapproval can thwart self-actualization
(child will act in ways to bring positive regard, even if inconsistent w self-concept)
Unconditional Positive Regard
Some behaviours may bring punishment, but love and approval persists - approval regardless of ones behaviour
Need for Positive Regard is Reciprocal
- People perceive themselves to be satisfying someone else need for positive regard, they in turn experience satisfaction
- sensitive to attitudes & behaviours of others
- refine self concept & internalize attitudes of others
Positive Self-Regard
- In time positive regard comes from within
- condition under which we grant ourselves acceptance & approval
- Contentment w oneself = positive mental health, positive regard to others
Conditions of Worth
superego
- Evolve from dev. of positive & self regard
- Belief that we are only worthy of approval for desirable behaviours & attitudes & refrain from expressing ones that get disapproval
- Unconditional positive regard requires parents love & acceptance w/o condition
Conditional Positive Regard
- Opposite of unconditional positive regard
- App. & Acc. granted when person exhibits desirable behaviours & attitudes
- Children believe they are only worthy under certain conditions, parental PR to self PR
- dont finition freely, no self-actualization
Characteristics of a fully functioning person
Fully self-actualized:
- Aware of all experience
- Live richly and fully
- Trust in own organism
- Free to make choices
- Creative & live constructively
- May face difficulties (growth, striving)
Questions about human nature
- Fully functioning ppl have free choice in creating themselves
- Self actualizing is innate, process is influenced by social factors
- childhood has some impact, later experiences have more
- fully functioning ppl share same characteristics in different expression
- Ability motivation and responsibility to understand
Person Centered Therapy
Client is assumed to be responsible for changing
- unconditional positive regard
Focus on subjective experience
- therapist is not the expert
