Carl Jung

Question 1

Libido

Answer 1

Diffuse and general life energy
Narrower psychic energy that fuels the work of the psyche
It is through psychic energy that psychological activities (i.e., thinking, feeling, and wishing) are carried out
Investment of psychic energy in a particular things creates psychic value and influences the person’s life

Question 2

Psyche

Answer 2

Jung’s term for personality

Question 3

Opposition Principle

Answer 3

Conflict between opposing processes or tendencies is necessary to generate psychic energy
Every wish or feeling has its opposite (e.g. creation vs. decay)
The sharper the conflict the greater the energy

Question 4

Equivalence Principle

Answer 4

Continuing redistribution of energy; if the energy expended on certain activities weakens or disappears, that energy is transferred elsewhere in the psyche
Lose interest in an hobby or a person, energy is shifted to a new one
Conscious activities while awake are shifted to dreams while we are asleep
Equivalence implies that the new area must have an equal psychic value (equally desirable, or fascinating)

Question 5

Entropy Principle

Answer 5

Tendency toward balance & equilibrium, the ideal is an equal distribution of psychic energy overall structures of the psyche
If two desires or beliefs differ greatly in intensity or psychic value, energy will flow from the more strongly held to the weaker (hot and cold objects)
Ideal state never achieved because it would result in no psychic energy
Opposition principle requires conflict for production of psychic energy

Question 6

EGO

Answer 6

Conscious aspect of psyche (perceiving, thinking, feeling, and remembering)
Awareness of ourselves, carrying out normal waking activities
Selective about what is admitted into conscious awareness
Only a portion of the stimuli to which we are exposed

Question 7

ATTITUDES OF THE PSYCHE

Answer 7

ATTITUDES OF THE PSYCHE
Much of our conscious perception of and reaction to our environment is determined by the opposing mental attitudes
Dominant directs the person’s behavior and consciousness
Non-dominant, but becomes a part of the personal unconscious, where it can affect behavior (an introverted person may display extroversion and wish to be outgoing)
Extroversion vs. Introversion

Question 8

PSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS

Answer 8

Different kinds of introverts and extroverts
Ways of perceiving or apprehending one’s external (objective) & internal (subjective) world
Only one function is dominant
Accepting Functions: Nonrational, Sensing - Sensory (reproduces experience through the senses like a camera), Intuiting - Belief/Hunch
Evaluative Functions: Rational – (Organizing and categorizing) - Thinking (Conscious judgment)- True/False
Feeling - Like/Dislike - pleasant/unpleasant

Question 9

PSYCHOLOGICAL TYPES

Answer 9

Based on interactions between attitudes and functions

-Sensing, intuiting, thinking, feeling

Question 10

PERSONAL UNCONSCIOUS

Answer 10

Reservoir for material that was once conscious but has been forgotten or suppressed because it was trivial or disturbing
Two-way traffic between the ego and the PU
Filing cabinet (little effort to take something out examine it, and put it back)
Similar to Freud’s Preconscious

Question 11

COMPLEXES

Answer 11

As we file more experiences into our PU, we begin to group them
A core or pattern of being (emotions, memories, perceptions, and wishes) organized around a common theme that influences behavior and perceptions
Originate from childhood, adulthood, and ancestral experiences

Question 12

COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Answer 12

Accumulation of inherited experiences of human species
Passed to each new generation
Powerful and controlling repository of ancestral experiences
We are predisposed to behave and feel the same way people have always behaved and felt
Deepest, least accessible level of the psyche

Question 13

ARCHETYPES

Answer 13

Images of universal experiences contained in the collective unconscious (primordial images)
Repeated in the lives of previous generations
Archetypes become imprinted on our psyche and are expressed in dreams

Question 14

Types of Archetypes

Answer 14

Persona
-Public face or role
Shadow
-Dark side of human nature – primitive animal instincts
-But also creativity
Anima / Animus
-Feminine aspects of the male psyche
-Masculine aspects of the female psyche
Self
-Unity of total personality (unconscious and conscious)

Question 15

Childhood

Answer 15

Ego development
Early on just a reflection of the parents personality
Parents can enhance or impede
Distinguish self from others
Forming a unique identity

Question 16

Adolescence

Answer 16

Consciousness dominant
Focused on external reality (education, career, family)
Extroverted

Question 17

Middle Age

Answer 17

Shift in focus 
External (physical) to internal (spiritual)
Introverted 
Balance unconscious & conscious
Realizing or actualizing the self

Question 18

Individuation (middle age) – Transcend

Answer 18

Fulfillment of one’s capacities to become an individual
Integration of conscious & unconscious
Listen to dreams and follow fantasies
No single aspect of personality should be dominant
Not ruled by either unconsciousness or consciousness, by a specific attitude or function, or by any of the archetypes

Question 19

Contributions

Answer 19

Considerable impact on many disciplines
Psychiatry, cultural history, sociology, philosophy, religion…
Lasting contributions to psychology
Word association inspired development of Rorschach & lie-detection techniques
Complexes and introverted versus extroverted
Self-actualization
Recognition of cultural, social, and historical influences
Midlife crisis

Question 20

Criticisms

Answer 20

Concepts difficult to understand

Writings lack internal consistency and systematization Too readily embraced the occult and supernatural