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614 - Exam 1 > Cariology & Prevention pt. 2 > Flashcards

Cariology & Prevention pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Define dental caries

A

A chronic, infectious, transmissible disease that has a multifactorial etiology

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2
Q

What are the primary etiological factors of caries?

A

Micro-organisms
Host
Time
Substrate (Food)

Microbes
Have
To
Sit

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3
Q

What are the factors within micro-organisms in caries?

A
  • Microbial land
  • Plaque composition
  • Plaque acidogenicity
  • Oral hygiene
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4
Q

What are the factors within the host in caries?

A
  • Tooth
  • Saliva
  • Immune response
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5
Q

What are the factors within time in caries?

A
  • Shift in microflora = fast
  • Demineralization = slow
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6
Q

What are the factors within substrate (food)?

A
  • Oral clearance
  • Oral hygiene
  • Eating frequency
  • Cariogenicity
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7
Q

Dental caries is caused by what?

A

Infectious transmissible agent (S. mutans) and many non-mutans microorganisms

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8
Q

Can caries be passed from mother to infant? What’s the “window of infectivity”?

A

Yes via saliva by 2 years old

The presence of microorganisms in the mouth

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9
Q

Range for the “window of infectivity”

A

Ranges from 19-30 months, but as early as 6 months

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10
Q

What lives inside the mouth?

A

Bacteria, virus, and fungi

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11
Q

What bacteria is most commonly acquired from the child’s mother?

A

Cariogenic streptococcal strains and gram negative

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12
Q

Once teeth erupt, ___ can be detected

A

Mutans Streptococci

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13
Q

What are the phases of vertical transmission of caries?

A

Mother, father, and other caregiver –> Mutans streptococci (MS) –> primary teeth –> permanent teeth

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14
Q

What are the 2 ways you can get horizontal transmission of caries?

A

Intimate playmates –> Mutans Streptococci (MS) –> primary teeth

Spouse or partner –> Mutans Streptococci (MS) –> permanent teeth

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15
Q

The window for infectivity of Mutans Streptococci (MS) Colonization ranges from ___ months but has been found as early as ___ months

A

19-30
6

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16
Q

Growth and metabolism of oral bacteria is regulated by:

A

Saliva (pH, temp, nutrition)
Diet (carbohydrate-rich diet)

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17
Q

When is dynamic balance established?

A

When plaque composition is stable over time despite regular environmental changes

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18
Q

___ results from a community that has reached microbial homeostasis

A

Healthy plaque

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19
Q

What results in disease/dental plaque?

A

Disruption/dysfunction of microbial homeostasis

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20
Q

At ___ month, there’s microbial homeostasis

A

1

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21
Q

2 healthy plaque benefits

A
  • Prevent colonization and infection by producing acids
  • Suppress over growth of pathogens (fungi)
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22
Q

What is the most current hypothesis of the etiology of caries?

A

Extended Caries Ecological Hypothesis

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23
Q

Specific plaque hypothesis

A

Only a few species are involved in the disease

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24
Q

Non-specific plaque hypothesis

A

Disease is the outcome of the overall activity of the total plaque microflora
- Everything causes disease

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25
Ecological plaque hypothesis
Disease is caused by a shift in balance of resident microflora due to environmental conditions - Ex: pH shift
26
Extended ecological plaque hypothesis
Given the right environment, even these good bacteria can cause demineralization and destruction of teeth
27
Describe dental biofilm
- Cream-colored mass collect on teeth and edge of gums - Community of microorganisms adhere to each other and attach to a surface - Non-shedding teeth allow more time for development of layers of bacteria
28
If dental plaque is left undisturbed, biofilm rapidly builds up to sufficient depth to produce an ___ environment
Anaerobic
29
Do teeth or gums allow more bacteria to grow?
Teeth b/c they're non-shedding
30
What are the 5 stages of development in dental plaque? How soon do these stages appear?
Pellicle formation (min) Attachment of a single bacteria (0-24 hr) Growth of microcolonies (4-24 hr) Succession (diversity) (1-7 days) Climax community (mature biofilm) (1 week+)
31
Describe Pellicle
Acellular proteinaceous film that forms on tooth surface within minutes of eruption or cleaning - Instantly acquired from saliva - 1st stage in dental plauqe development
32
What does pellicle consist of?
- Salivary glycoproteins - Phosphoproteins - Lipids - Components of gingival crevicular fluid - Dead bacteria NO LIVING BACTERIA
33
Pellicle has ___ permeability that restricts transport of ions in and out of dental hard tissue
Selective
34
Pellicle is protective as it ___ diffusion of acids, chelating agents, calcium, and phosphate ions
Slows +ve
35
Pellicle enables ___ of ___ in the early stages of biofilm formation
Attachment and colonization of microbial species -ve It's the rug where bacteria attaches to tooth surface
36
What are the key stages of biofilm formation?
- Attachment and colonization - Growth and proliferation - Maturation and detachment
37
Microorganisms become a component of biofilm, and it experiences a shift in ___ that makes it 1,000 times ___ to antibodies, antibiotics, and antimicrobial compounds
Gene expression More Resistant
38
What are the first bacteria to bind to pellicle?
Streptococcus Mitis Streptococcus Oralis Streptococcus Sanguinis Actinomyces MOS Act
39
Which bacterial species typically appears first in the formation of biofilm/pellicle?
Streptococcal
40
What bacterial species is typically present after 48 hours on the biofilm?
Streptococcus and filamentous (actinomyces)
41
Describe streptococcus mutans
- Large and acidogenic (produce acids) - Cause caries - Not early colonizer - Aciduric & acidogenic (live in & produce acid) - Starts caries process
42
Describe Lactobacilli
- Part of the climax community - Small number - Extremely aciduric - not early colonizer - they're SECONDARY - Attracted to S mutans and S sobrinus - Contribute to demineralization
43
Increased pH in the mouth would help with what?
Balance the acid
44
What are the 2 primary streptococci species that appear in humans?
Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus sobrinus - Both produce acids (acidogenic) and can live in acid (aciduric)
45
Describe Streptococcus Sobrinus
- Better adhesion to smooth surfaces - Arrives after S mutans colonization - Acidogenic & acidouric
46
Carries can occur without ___ but NOT without ___
Without S. sobrinus With S. mutans
47
What is present during the succession stage of dental plaque?
- 2 year colonizers - Actinomyces dominate (filamentous)
48
What is present during the climax community stage of dental plaque?
- Acid producing bacteria - Ex: Gram +ve Streptococci, Gram +ve rods, Actinomyces, and Lactobacili
49
What are the extracellular polymers of dental plaque?
Glucan (glucosyltransferases) Fructan (fructosyltransferase)
50
What is the intracellular polymer of dental plaque?
Glycogen-like (storage)
51
What are the 3 pathways that lead to the fermentation process (bacteria + sucrose) in dental plaque?
Extracellular polymer Intracellular polymer lactic acid + other acids + energy
52
Rate and amount of acid formation ___ with age of the biofilm
Increases
53
Dental biofilm must be up to ___ days old before demineralization happens
2 days - Takes 2 days to produce plaque
54
Acidogenic bacteria converts ___ to ___ that helps form the sticky biofilm matrix
Sucrose Dextranpolysacchrie
55
Dental plaque that's less than 12 hours old. Saliva can repair in __
10 min
56
Dental plaque that's older than 48 hours. Saliva can repair in ___
4 Hours
57
___ is associated with root caries
Actinomyces
58
___ is associated with progression of caries
Lactobacilli
59
What are examples of initiators of caries?
S. mutans and S. sobrinus
60
Which of the following bacteria increase pH by generating alkali? a. S. mitis b. S. oralis c. Actinomyces spp d. Actinomyces naeslundii
Actinomyces naeslundii
61
Early colonizer of pre-dentate biofilm and tooth structure by binding to the pellicle first
S. Oralis, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, Actinomyces
62
What is not true of the acquired pellicle? a. 1 micron thick b. Acellular, proteinaceous film c. Forms 30 min after cleaning d. Made up of glycoproteins, phosphoproteins, lipids, and components of crevicular fluid
Forms 30 min after cleaning (it forms within minutes)

614 - Exam 1 (3 decks)

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