Cariology I Flashcards
What are the 3 main clinical reasons for losing teeth?
- Non-restorable cavity
- Loss of periodontal support
- Trauma
The apatite mineral is lost by these four means:
- Corrosion
- Attrition
- Abrasion
- Abfraction/fracture
The progressive loss, by bacterially-generated acid dissolution, of the apatite composition of the enamel and dentin, or of the cementum and dentin. It is the disease.
Dental Caries
The clinically evident result (sign) of the disease. A “hole “ in the tooth caused by the caries process.
Dental cavity
These 3 factors are necessary for dental caries to occur:
- Tooth structure
- Acidogenic and aciduric bacteria.
- Fermentable carbohydrate.
The velocity of a reaction is proportional to the product of the masses of the reacting substances, each raised to a power equal to the number of molecules taking part.
Ion activity product (IAP)
The solubility product constant identifies the equilibrium point of mineral dissolution (point of saturation of the solution) at a specific pH and temperature.
Solubility product constant (KSP)
True or false: The higher (larger) the solubility product constant, the more soluble the compound.
True
What is the KSP of hydroxyapatite at a pH of 6 and at 37 degrees?
7.41 x 10 ^ -60 mol/l
When is a solution in equilibrium?
When IAP=KSP
When will dissolution of a mineral occur (demineralization)?
When IAP < KSP
When will the solution be supersaturated with respect to the mineral, and mineral formation occur (remineralization)?
When IAP > KSP
Why is enamel solubility increased by acid?
The more H + ions, the more molecules you take away from equation. This causes other minerals to dissolve more to reach equilibrium.
The pH at which a supersaturated solution becomes just saturated with respect to the mineral.
Critical pH
What is the critical pH of hydroxypatite?
5.5
The excess of one ion in solution requires less of the other ions in solution to attain the KSP.
Common ion effect.
If you add Ca or PO4 to a solution, would this increase or decrease the amount of hydroxyapatite that dissolves?
decrease
What are the 3 most common types of apatite crystals that compose enamel?
- Carbonated hydroxyapatite (CAP)
- Hydroxyapatite (HAP)
- Fluorhydroxyapatite (FHAP)
List the solubilities of apatite types from the most soluble to least.
CAP > HAP > FHAP
True or false: Newly erupted teeth dissolve much easier than mature teeth.
True
What is the critical pH for CAP?
6.5
What is the critical pH of HAP?
5.5
True or false: HAP can withstand 10x more acid than Cap.
True
What is the critical pH for FAP?
4.8
What prevents Excessive remineralization?
Proteins such as tyrosine-rich peptides, statherin coat the pellicle and prevent seeding of apatite crystals.
Tartar = _____ cavities, _____ gum disease.
Fewer
More
If you apply a fluoride product to the teeth, is there a greater fluoride uptake in plaque covered teeth or on “clean” teeth?
Plaque covered because of the lower pH.
