Cariology: Dr. Kaur

Question 1

Define Cariology:

Answer 1

• study of:
  
  • caries
  • cariogenesis

Question 2

Dental Caries: Stats

Answer 2

• most prevalent chronic disease in the world and children 5-17
• 9 out of 10 adults
  
  • 23% of adults age 23-64 have untreated caries
  • 85% of all adults experience tooth decay
• 4 out of 10 children
  
  • 52 million school hours lost
• 4x more common than asthma
• epidemic in US

Question 3

Dental Caries definition

Answer 3

• Bacterial driven, site specific, multifactorial, dynamic disease
• biofilm mediated
• diet modulated
• noncommunicable
• Net loss of dental hard tissue

Question 4

Dental caries determined by:

Answer 4

• biological factors
• behavioral
• psychosocial
• enviromental factors

Question 5

Minimally invasive dentistry concept:

Answer 5

• Early lesions can be healed
  
  • demineralized but noncavitated enamel
  • reduce bacteria to eliminate risk of further demineralization and cavitation
• Cavitated lesions: Minimum surgical intervention
• Repair defective lesions
  
  • don’t replace
• Disease control

Question 6

Common goal in operative and cariology:

Answer 6

• Focus on:
  
  • health
  • tissue preservation

Question 7

Factors that directly contribute to caries:

Answer 7

• Tooth
• Time
• Diet
• Bacteria

Question 8

Caries: Oral Enviroment Factors

Answer 8

• Sugars
• Plaque
  
  • pH
  • microbial species
• Gum
• Fluoride
• Sealants
• Saliva composition
• Antibacterial agents
• sugars

Question 9

Caries: personal Factors

Answer 9

• Dental insurance
• knowledge
• attitudes
• income
• behavior
• education
• sociodemographic status

Question 10

Enamel:

Answer 10

• hardest structure in body
• most mineralized in body
• 90-95% inorganic=HAP

Question 11

enamel prisms are comprised of:

Answer 11

• long and parallel Hydroxyapatite crystals (HAP)

Question 12

HAP

Answer 12

Hydroxyapatite crystals

• naturally occuring form of calcium

Question 13

Dentin:

Answer 13

• striated appearance
• lie between enamel/cementum and pulp
• consists of organic matrix:
• Tough-collagen, rope like protein

Question 14

Appearance of dentin

Answer 14

Yellowish

less translucent than enamel

Question 15

Composition of dentin

Answer 15

• 50% inorganic
• 25% collagen (organic)
• 25% water

Question 16

Cementum

Answer 16

• calcified tissue covers the root detin

Question 18

Cariogenic Bacteria:

Answer 18

• Streptococcus mutans
  
  • 8 stereotypes
  • primary surface colonizer
• Lactobacillus
  
  • secondary surface colonizer

Question 19

Plaque

Answer 19

• natural feature of the mouth
• Biofilm that bacteria build up on
• sticky film

Question 20

Oral Biofilm Developement

Answer 20

• Pellicle formation
  
  • glycoproteins from saliva
  • absorbed onto tooth surface
• Bacteria attach to pellicle (0-4hr)
• bacteria multiply and form microcolonies (4-24)
• Microbial Coaggragetion (1-14 days)
  
  • increased species diversity
• Climax community=mature dental plaque

Question 21

Demineralization

Answer 21

• removal of calcium and phosphate from enamel

Question 22

pH effect on teeth

Answer 22

• pH<7=teeth at risk
• pH=5.5
  
  • critical pH
  • demineralization of enamel

Question 23

Incipient caries

Answer 23

• White spot, non-cavitated
• initial stage
  
  • enamel demineralization-white appearance
  • can remain after remineralization bc demineralization affects surface and subsurface
• can stain brown and can remain after remineraliation

Question 24

Carious lesion

Answer 24

• initially- non-cavitated, white lesion
• no intervention-cavitated lesion
  
  • extends into dentin

Question 25

Caries: Tissue involvement stages

Answer 25

• initial
• superficial
• moderate
• deep
• deep complicated

Question 26

Caries: number of surfaces involved

Answer 26

• simple-one surface
• compound-2 surface
• complex-3+ surfaces