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IM1 Exam 5 > Caring in Nursing Practice > Flashcards

Caring in Nursing Practice Flashcards

1
Q

theoretical views on caring

A
  • caring: a universal phenomenon that influences the way we think, feel, and behave
  • since Florence Nightingale, nurses have studied caring.
  • caring is at the heart of a nurse’s ability to work with all patients in a respectful and therapeutic way.
  • includes Benner’s caring, Leininger’s Transcultural caring, Watson’s Transpersonal caring and Swanson’s Theory of caring
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2
Q

Benner’s caring is primary

A
  • caring determines what matters to a person
  • caring helps you provide patient-centered care
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3
Q

Leninger’s Transcultural Caring

A
  • caring is an essential human need
  • caring helps an individual or group improve a human condition
  • caring helps to protect, develop, nurture and sustain people
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4
Q

Watson’s Transpersonal Caring

A
  • promotes healing and wholeness
  • rejects the disease orientation to health care
  • places care before cure
  • emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship
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5
Q

Swanson’s Theory of Caring

A
  • defines caring as a nurturing way of relating to an individual
  • states that caring is a central nursing phenomenon but is not necessarily unique to nursing practice
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6
Q

summary of theoretical views

A
  • nursing caring theories have common themes
  • caring is highly relational
  • caring theories are valuable when assessing patient perceptions of being cared for in a multicultural environment
  • enabling is an aspect of caring
  • knowing the context of a patient’s illness helps you choose and individualize interventions that will help the patient
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7
Q

patient’s perspective of caring

A
  • connecting with patients and their families: families can tell HCWs the truth and help the patient follow their advice at home
  • being present: HCWs should be present for the time you can establish relationships
  • respecting values, beliefs, and health care choices
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8
Q

ethic of care

A
  • in any patient encounter, a nurse needs to know what behavior is ethically appropriate
  • an ethic of care is unique, so professional nurses do not make professional decisions based solely on intellectual or analytical principles
  • instead, an ethic of care places caring at the center of decision making
  • always be your patient’s advocate
    (caring includes not giving false assurances to the patient, be honest)
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9
Q

caring in nursing practice

A
  • as you deal with health and illness in your practice, you grow in your ability to care and develop caring behaviors
  • caring is one of those human behaviors that we can give and receive
  • recognize the importance of self-care
  • use caring behaviors to reach out to your colleagues and care for them as well
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10
Q

providing presence

A
  • eye contact
  • body language
  • tone of voice
  • listening
  • positive and encouraging attitude
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11
Q

touch

A

provides comfort
creates a connection:
- noncontact touch: doing something that is touching to your patient without touching, ex: staying in room for procedure, going in room w/doctor because they’re going to get bad news
- contact touch: providing comfort through touch
- task-oriented touch: ex: vital signs
- caring touch: ex: backrub
- protective touch: ex: helping them get back into bed

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12
Q

listening

A

creates trust –>
open lines of communication –>
creates a mutual relationship
(don’t complain about patients, don’t talk about patients with others in earshot that are not healthcare workers bc it violates HIPPA, you can talk to your fellow HCWs)

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13
Q

knowing the patient

A
  • develops over time
  • the core process of clinical decision making
  • aspects of knowing include:
    1. responses to therapy, routines, and habits: (keep in mind when planning their care after leaving the hospital whether they have a car, what they have access to at home, if have ppl to help)
    2. coping resources
    3. physical capacities and endurance
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14
Q

spiritual caring

A
  • spiritual health is achieved when a person can find a balance between their life values, goals, and belief systems and those of others
  • spirituality offers a sense of intrapersonal, interpersonal, and transpersonal connectedness
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15
Q

relieving symptoms and suffering

A
  • performing caring nursing actions that give a patient comfort, dignity, respect, and peace
  • providing necessary comfort and support measures to the family or significant others
  • creating a physical patient care environment that soothes and heals the mind, body, and spirit
  • comforting through a listening, nonjudgemental, caring presence
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16
Q

the challenge of caring

A

challenges:
- task-oriented biomedical model: do a task, then document it
- institutional demands
- time constraints: care for patient but ensure you have enough time to chart
- reliance on technology, cost-effective strategies, and standardized work processes
if health care is to make a positive difference in patients’ lives, health care must become more holistic and humanistic

17
Q

caring key points

A
  • caring is specific and relational for each nurse-patient encounter
  • caring involves a mutual give-and-take
  • caring involves “being there” and “being with” patients
  • touch
  • listening
  • truly knowing the patient
18
Q

the family

A
  • family durability: system of support and structure within a family that extends beyond the walls of the household (does the person have the support they need when they go home?)
  • family resiliency: ability to cope with expected and unexpected stressors (is the family able to cope with what’s going on?)
  • family diversity: uniqueness of each family unit
    (ask who the people in the room are, don’t assume)
19
Q

concept of family

A
  • families represent more than a set of individuals
  • a family is more than a sum of its individual members
  • families are diverse
    (families can be friends and not actually family)
20
Q

what is a family

A
  • family can be defined biologically, legally, or as a social network with personally constructed ties and ideologies
  • no 2 families are alike; each has its own strengths, weaknesses, resources and challenges
21
Q

family forms

A
  • nuclear family: mom, dad, children
  • extended family: mom, dad, children, grandparents, cousins, aunts, uncles
  • single-parent family: one mom or dad
  • blended family: kids from parent’s previous relationship included
  • alternative family: adopted, foster family, same-sex parents, grandparents who take care of kids
22
Q

current trends

A
  • people are marrying later
  • women are delaying childbirth: married or in a relationship are choosing to wait longer
  • couples are having fewer children or none at all
  • remarriage results in blended families
  • single-parent families are stabilizing: more people are choosing to be single parents and having kids by themselves
  • more people are living alone
  • adolescent pregnancy is an increasing concern
  • many homosexual couples are family units
  • america is aging: (think about patient’s technological capacity and if they actually know how to do what you are saying)
  • more grandparents are raising their grandchildren
23
Q

current trends cont.

A
  • changing economic status:
    – inadequate health insurance coverage
    – increasing number of children living below poverty level
  • homelessness:
    – families with children
  • domestic violence:
    – occurs across all social classes
    – long-term physical and emotional consequences
    (it is your responsibility to report these things like if a child isn’t getting the care they need (ex: malnourished), you have to get them help by reporting them to CPS and you have to be honest with them that you are doing that)
24
Q

impact of illness and injury

A
  • acute/chronic illness
  • trauma: have to be aware of that impact on them and don’t try to teach them about something when they’re freaking out
  • end-of-life care
    (have to know what your patient is going to be receptive to, like if they’re crying it may be okay to cry with them in certain situations but if they’re stoic, don’t cry with them)
25
Q

approaches to family nursing: an overview

A

developmental stages:
- each stage has its own challenges and needs
McGoldrick and Carter family life cycle:
- unattached young adult
- joining of families through marriage
- family with young children
- family with adolescents
- family with young adults
- family without children
- family later in life
attributes of families:
- structure: the ongoing membership of the family and the pattern of relationships
- function: what the family does
(who will care for a child at home if they need help and don’t have anyone like parents? why is that patient there to see you? does it have to do with the way their family is?)

26
Q

approaches to family nursing overview cont.

A

family and health:
- many factors influence health
- class and ethnicity produce different access to the health care system
- the family’s beliefs, values, and practices influence health behaviors (beliefs - if they don’t go to doctors bc they believe the doctor will find something wrong)
genetic factors:
- heredity or genetic susceptibility does not guarantee the actual development of disease
- knowing the risks allows families to make informed choices

27
Q

nursing process for the family

A

assessing the needs of a family
- cultural aspects
- discharge planning: discharge education starts with admission
- family focused care: focusing on patient and whoever is going to help them after discharge

28
Q

nursing process for the family cont.

A
  • nursing diagnosis:
    – identify actual and at-risk nursing diagnoses
    – (ex: at risk for falls (fall and broke hip and brought them in))
  • planning care
    – plan care that members clearly understand and agree to follow
    – set goals and outcomes that are realistic, compatible with a family’s developmental stage, and acceptable to family members and their lifestyle
    – collaborate with other disciplines
    – support communication among family members
29
Q

implementing family centered care

A

family caregiving:
- the routine provision of services and personal care activites for a family member by spouses, siblings, friends, or parents
- activities include finding resources, providing personal care, monitoring for complications or side effects, providing instrumental activities of daily living and ongoing emotional support and decision making

30
Q

implementing family centered care cont.

A

health promotion:
- choose health promotion behaviors that are tied to the family’s developmental stage
- help the family focus on their strengths instead of problems and weaknesses
- refer families to health promotion programs that meet their needs

31
Q

implementing family centered care cont.

A

acute care:
- be aware of the implication of early discharge from a hospital for patients and their families
- help the family identify methods to maintain open lines of communication with you and the health care team: when they would need to call for help, who do they call for help
restorative and continuing care:
- try to maintain patients’ functional abilities within the context of the family
(you want to teach them as much as you can before they leave, continuing care - is there someone to bring them to appointments or do they need home health)

32
Q

caring for families key points

A
  • family members influence one another’s health beliefs, practices, and status
  • the concept of family is highly individual
  • measures of family health involve more than a summary of individual members’ health
  • cultural sensitivity is vital to family nursing
  • family caregiving is an interactive process
    (relieve family stress through education, focus on positives that the family is able to do, to learn, to recall - have them repeat your instructions to them,
    don’t provide false hope - give true information,
    care about body language,
    be the patient’s advocate,
    caring touch - backrub)

IM1 Exam 5 (7 decks)

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