Caring For Children With Special Needs, Complex Meical Cnditions And Oral Pathology Flashcards

0
Q

What are some of the consequences of kids with special needs?

A

Pain and discomfort
Nutritional intake
Function (no eating)
Failure to thrive (not growing according to norms)
Reduced quality of life and social functioning

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1
Q

Whats the definition of a chilD with special needs?

A

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2
Q

How can oral health influence systemic health in special needs kids?

A

Bacteraemia with children with congenital heart disease or caners would be a risk for infective endocarditis

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3
Q

What are some oral conditions found in kids with special needs?

A
Crossbites
Abcesses
Gross plaque and calculus
Gross decay
Congenital neuropaenia can cause periodontal issues (affects PDL and bone)
Attrition - can brux a lot
Anomalies in shape, size, number
Anormal tooth eruption (accelerated or delayed)
Trauma (motor and coordination issues)
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4
Q

Whats cleinocranial dysplasia and what are the dental implications?

A

Clavicles not present and sometimes have supernumeries.

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5
Q

What to obeserve first for opgs for kids with special needs?

A

Look around for pathology, not teeth. Then count teeth, then caries , then perio.

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6
Q

What conditioins can cause delayed eruption?

A

Mitochondrial encepathology

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7
Q

How to check for alveolar fracture?

A

Theres a difference in height (step).

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8
Q

What are some inherited dental defects?

A
Amelogenesis impfecta (doesnt normally have systemic relation but can sometimes be kidney related)
Dentinogenesis imperfecta (related to osteogenesis imperfecta which means patient will have weak bones)
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9
Q

What are the dental objectives for treatment for SHCN?

A

1) establish early dental home
- talk about prevention with parents, they need to come in early
2) hstory
- birth history, any other conditiions, other co-morbidities, medications, alleergies
3) consult with physician when necessary (check before you do anything)
- esp. For bleeding and cardiac disorders
4) consider patient needs when scheduling appts
5) prevention
6) consider all treatment options
7) create behaviour guidence plan

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10
Q

What should the recall visits be for high risk children?

A

3 - 6 months

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11
Q

What should be included int he preventive program?

A

1) rltnshp with dental home
2) increase recalls
3) encourage healthy low caries risk foods.
- dont just stop foods, recommend to rinse with water or just brush with toothbrush dipped in water after meals
4) fluoride supplementatikn
- start as early as possible and also can give tooth mousse
5) institute proper home are practice
- brushing techniques very important
- can also recommend electric toothbrush or wrap a toothbrush with a towel
- recommend flossing ASAP

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12
Q

What are sopme of the behavioral issues associated with special needs children?

A

Anxiety, ADHD, preference of limited diet, can ask parents “how does the child respond when you use a vacuum cleaner?”

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13
Q

What are some of the characteristics of ADHD children?

A

Can be quiet and restless or very aggresive.
Extremely impulsive
Black circles undr eyes, normally not sleeping normally

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14
Q

What medications are used to treat ADHD?

A

Ritalin, adderall, straterra

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15
Q

How is ADHD managed in the dental setting?

A

Bhvr managment

  • firm instruction - hands on the belly and sit still
  • morning appts better especially when taking meds
  • short apps
  • avoid treatment holidays
  • keep distracting OR just keep setting as quiet as possible
16
Q

What is autism?

A

Its a spectrum in which there are issues pertaining to

  • communication
  • social interaction
  • repititive and stereotypical movements
  • acue snesory hypo and/or hypersensitivities
17
Q

How to deal with autism in dental practice?

A
  • need to establish rapport
  • need to know what agitates the child. Ask parent and try to avoid these things.
  • parental preparatin
  • short, morning appts
18
Q

What are some of the causes of cerebral palsy?

A

Cerebral anoxia
Infection
Severe jaundice
Trauma

19
Q

Oral implicaations of cerebral palsy?

A

Dysarthia (speech disorder)
Gag reflex
Airway issues
Seizures can happen

20
Q

How can patients with cerebral palsy be managed in the dntal setting?

A

Wheelchair
Upright position
Bite-block - dont want to lose fingers
Hydrocephalus - can be countered using shunts. Need to give Ab prophylaxis

21
Q

What are the symptoms of a seizure?

A

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22
Q

How to manage kids with seizures?

A
Ask parents:
How often does he have it?
what trigges them?
How long to they last?
What medicatiions does he take?
Has he been in a hospital for it before?

When a seizure happens, take everything off and time it. 10 seconds should be normal.

23
Q

What are some comorbidities associat with downs syndrome?

A

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24
Q

What are some of the oral conditns associated with downs syndrome?

A

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