Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Caries symposium 2 > Caries pattern and diagnosis - caring for children and young people > Flashcards

Caries pattern and diagnosis - caring for children and young people Flashcards

1
Q

What does decalcification look like

A

white/brown spot lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

how do you improve prognosis of decalcification lesions

A
  • angle toothbrush towards these lesions

- great if can get into a self cleansing situation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

good treatment for pit and fissure caries?

A

fissure sealants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what does active caries look like

A
  • light brown colour

- soft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what’s importnat to consider checking with interproximal caries

A

adjacent tooth likely affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what teeth are affected primarily by early childhood caries (nursing bottle caries)

A
  • maxillary incisors
  • 1st molars
  • mandibular canines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the usual cause of early childhood caries

A

child put to bed with something other than water (milk is also a problem at night cause of lactose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

how do you spot recurrent/ secondary caries

A

look at margins of restorations

- ditches?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does arrested caries look like

A
  • dark brown

- hard

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how do you define rampant caries

A

> 10 new lesions per yr

- lower anteriors affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where is caries most common in primary dentition

A
  • lower molars
  • upper molars
  • upper anteriors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

where is it rare to see caries

A
  • lower anteriors

- buccal/ lingual surfaces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

under GA, what are the most common primary teeth to remove

A
  • all primary molars

- upper incisors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what is the general pattern of caries

A
  • caries rate lower 6s> upper 6s
  • pits and grooves
  • cingulum pits of lateral incisors
  • upper and lower incisors = uncontrolled caries
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what pits and grooves are most common to find caries in

A
  • palatal upper 6s
  • palatal upper laterals
  • buccal lower 6s
  • cingulum pits of lateral incisors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what caries management factors particular to children are there

A
  • parental involvement
  • patient development
  • dealing with 2 dentitions
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is included in an assessment for children

A
  • parent/patient management
  • symptoms (if in pain, they may have been for a while)
  • history of present complaint
  • past dental history (treatment experience to date, OH habits, F history, diet)
  • medical history
  • social history
  • caries risk assessment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What do you examine extra orally and intra orally

A

Extra oral

  • asymmetry
  • nodes
Intra oral
Soft tissues
- OH
- swellings
- sinuses
- ulceration
- gingival health
Hard tissues
- teeth present
- dental age
- occlusion
- loose, missing, extra teeth
- trauma
- dental anomalies
- caries activity past and present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what do you need to detect caries visually

A

dry teeth, good light, sharp eyes

20
Q

what are different ways of detecting caries

A
  • clinical examination
  • radiographs
  • sensibility testing (nerve)
  • vitalitiy testing (blood supply)
21
Q

what do you consider when evaluating the dentition

A
  • is the tooth restorable (if not needs to come out)
  • patient/parent compliance
  • stage dental development
  • space management
  • anticipated difficulties
  • overall prognosis
22
Q

what do you consider if the tooth is restorable

A
  • choice of mateiral
  • choice of technique
  • cavity shape/form and restoration before starting
  • permanent vs temp restorations
23
Q

what are the aims for stablising carious dentition

A
  • prevent pain
  • preventative therapy
  • arrest restorable lesions
  • acclimatisation e.g. hand excavation, diet advice, OHI etc
  • decrease bacterial load in the mouth
  • improve OH by making areas easier to clean
24
Q

what things do we need to consider with patient/ parent compliance

A
  1. motivation
    - parent - compliance with prevention regimes, attendance, support at home
    - child - compliance, OH
  2. Co-operation
    - parent - own anxieties
    - child - emotional maturity, fears, previous bad experience, behavioural problems, ability to co-operate
25
Q

what things to consider when looking at stage of development

A

Primary teeth
- are they close to exfoliation

Permanent molars

  • long term prognosis?
  • could extractions be part of the ortho treatment plan
  • what about space maintanance
26
Q

why is having an overall prognosis important

A
  • pattern indicates level of caries activity

- prognosis dependant on preventative issues and motivation

27
Q

why might you consider space maintanance?

A
  • effect of premature loss of primary teeth
  • loss of 1st perm molars
  • crowding
28
Q

what are ways you can maintain space

A
  • band and loop space maintainer

- distal shoe

29
Q

when might you pick a band and loop space maintainer

A
  • 2nd primary molar had to be removed and need to create space for the 2nd premolar to come through
  • stops the 1st perm molar drifting mesially
30
Q

when might you pick a distal shoe

A

when FPM still unerpupted so 6 can erupt in the right place

31
Q

what are the results of early primary tooth extractions

A
  • increased crowding
  • increased tendency for space loss
  • earlier removed, increased degree space loss
  • balancing/compensating extractions
32
Q

what are common balancing/ compensating extractions

A
  • balance primary canines to prevent center-line shift
  • consider balance of lower 1st primary molars if arch crowded
  • in general no other b’s or a’s necessary in the primary dentition
  • must consider balance compensation when removing FPMs
33
Q

consequences of early loss of maxilla 16 and 26?

A

loss before complete eruption of 7 = rotation and mesial movement of 7, distal drift of 5

34
Q

consequences of early loss of mandible 36 and 46?

A
  • loss after optimum age = tilting 7s

- loss before optimum age = 5 drifts distally and rotates

35
Q

what are the aims of treatment

A
  • relief of symptoms
  • prevention of disease initiation and progression
  • restore function and aesthetics
36
Q

What does relief of symptoms depend on for treatment

A
  • nature of the pain
  • status of pulp
  • stage of dental development
  • level of patient compliance
37
Q

What do you ask when taking a history of pain from a child

A
  • where is the pain
  • what does the tooth feel like
  • how long has the tooth been painful
  • does anything make the pain better or worse
  • does the pain keep the patient awake or wake them from sleeping
  • is the pain spontaneous or precipitate e.g. by eating
  • is the pain relieved with analgesics or antibiotics (n.b. antibiotics should only ever be prescribed when there is systemic illness, pyrexia and/or facial swelling)
38
Q

what are emergency treatment options

A
  • caries excavation and sedative dressing
  • pulp therapy - pulpotomy or pulpectomy
  • drainage of pus
  • extraction (LA +/- IHS)/GA
  • IV sedation only considered for 12 years and over
39
Q

how old does someone have to be before getting IV sedation

A

12 years and over

40
Q

what are ways to achieve pain-free LA

A
  • use topical
  • warm LA cartridge
  • 6 years old/6s erupt use IDB
  • intra-papillary infiltration avoids palatal injection
41
Q

ways to optimise treatment?

A
  • pain free LA

- rubber dam

42
Q

if they don’t have lower 6s what LA technique do you do

A

infiltration rather than IDB

43
Q

why is rubber dam beneficial

A
  • decreases damage to soft tissues and risk of inhalation cross-infection
  • benefit to operator and patient by increasing isolation and moisture control, retraction of gingivae and cheeks, effective inhalation sedation, patient confidence, operator confidence
44
Q

what is the sequence of restoration choices

A
  1. fissure sealants
  2. preventative restorations
  3. simple fillings e.g. shallow cervical cavities
  4. fillings requiring LA but not into pulp (upper arch first)
  5. pulpotomies/pulpectomies
  6. extractions
45
Q

different methods of caries removal

A
  • hand excavation
  • rotary instruments
  • chemo-mechanical removal
  • air abrasion
  • lasers

Caries symposium 2 (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions