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Cariology > Caries Causation Tutorial 1 > Flashcards

Caries Causation Tutorial 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Dental caries definition

A

Non-communicable, bacterial-associated and lifestyle-associated disease

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2
Q

Describe Dental caries

A

Dynamic process causing progressive destruction of hard tooth substance (enamel, dentine, and cementum) involving demineralization of inorganic part and dissolution of organic part.

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3
Q

What is dental caries lesion (“cavity”)

A

Observable effect of disease activity

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4
Q

Define ‘active lesion’

A

Continues to progress due to disease activity

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5
Q

Describe texture of active lesion

A

Soft and squishy lesion

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6
Q

Define ‘arrested lesion’

A

Remaining scar following successful treatment to bring disease into remission

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7
Q

Describe texture of arrested lesion

A

Often brown or black spot.

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8
Q

If the arrested lesion’s spot is hard, does it need treatment?

A

It doesn’t need treatment

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9
Q

List the four main risk factors of dental caries

A
  • Dental plaque containing cariogenic bacteria
  • Dietary sucrose
  • Fluoride insufficiency
  • Saliva insufficiency
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10
Q

Describe the steps of carious process

A

1) Colonies of bacterial (dental plaque/biofilm) adhere to tooth surface.
2) Sugar exposure upsets ecological balance - acidogenic bacteria proliferate
3) Plaque along is insufficient to cause dental caries

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11
Q

Describe process when bacterial plaque is exposed to sugar

A
  • Bacterial plaque exposed to sugar
  • Sugar fermented to acid
  • Acid trapped against tooth surface by biofilm and diffuses into tooth surface
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12
Q

First sign of caries?

A

White spot lesion and radiolucency in enamel image

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13
Q

If sugar and plaque remain what forms?

A

Cavity forms that extend into dentine

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14
Q

Which rots quicker? Dentine or enamel?

A

Dentine rots much quicker than enamel.

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15
Q

When lesion reaches dentine, patient experiences ?

A

Experiences pain (dentinal tubules)

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16
Q

Carious lesion can infect enamel, dentine and?

A

Pulp chamber can get infected

17
Q

List the minor to severe clinical presentation of caries

A

1) White spot lesion - sign of dissolving enamel
2) Loss of enamel - pitting and cavitation (sign of lesion in dentine)
3) ‘Hole’ develops
4) Hole gets bigger and bacteria reach pulp (causes abscess)
5) Tooth breaks down - nearly fully loss of crown
6) Totally ruined tooth

18
Q

Common sites for plaque build-up?

A
  • Gingival margins
  • Interproximal spaces
  • Within grooves, pits and fissures
  • Margins of restorations (e.g. overhangs or deficiencies
19
Q

Plaque index score = 0

A

Clean surface

20
Q

Plaque index score = 1

A

No visible plaque but can be scraped off with probe

21
Q

Plaque index score = 2

A

Visible plaque

22
Q

Plaque index score = 3

A

Thick visible plaque

23
Q

How to record plaque index?

A
  • Measure buccal and lingual surfaces of 16, 11, 26, 36, 41, 46
  • Total out of 36
24
Q

Name evidence that plaque causes white spot lesions

A
  • Bacteria is a necessary but not sufficient cause
  • Suitable substrate (e.g. sucrose) is needed as well
  • When pH < 4 for two hours, S. mutans, and lactobacilli remain viable while other bacteria are not
25
Q

Which bacteria predominate in mouth in normal situation?

A

Non-mutans streptococci and actinomyces

26
Q

How is dynamic stability achieved in mouth?

A

Constant demineralization and remineralization occurs

27
Q

List the bacterial colonizers of newly cleaned teeth?

A
  • S. sanguinis
  • S. oralis
  • S. mitis
  • Actinomyces
28
Q

S. mutans make up only ___ of population

A

2%

29
Q

When pH decreases, ____ bacteria proliferate causing dynamic stability to shift to ______

A

Acidogenic bacteria; net mineral loss

30
Q

White spot lesion -> strep. mutans make up about ____ of total flora

A

30%

31
Q

List function of saliva

A
  • Buffering
  • Rinsing
  • Remineralization
  • Lubrication
  • Immunoglobins
  • Enzymes
32
Q

Describe buffering function of saliva?

A

Neutralizing acids formed by bacteria

33
Q

Describe rinsing function of saliva?

A

Removes food debris from teeth

34
Q

Describe remineralization function of saliva?

A

Contains calcium and phosphate ions

35
Q

Healthy (low) caries experience related with saliva composition are high in which bacteria?

A
  • Neisseria
  • Haemophilus
  • Fusobacterium
36
Q

There is association between genetic polymorphisms and risk of dental caries for most salivary proteins.

A

True

Cariology (6 decks)

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