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CDT > Caries > Flashcards

Caries Flashcards

1
Q

What is the critical pH of enamel and what occurs below this?

A

pH 5.5

Below this demineralisation is favoured

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2
Q

What is caries risk?

A

The probability that a person will develop various lesions, reaching a given stage of the disease in progression during a specific period of time.

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3
Q

What is the max score of a DMFS?

A

128

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4
Q

What is the relationship between caries and light compared to enamel and dentine?

A

Caries scatters more light than enamel and dentine

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5
Q

When can you use a sharp probe for enamel caries?

A

For dentine caries where you have to and for residual caries to aid cavity preparation

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6
Q

What is a blunt probe used for during primary caries detection?

A

Cavitation

Surface roughness

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7
Q

For what do you use temporary elective tooth separation?

A

Interproximal caries

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8
Q

What is diagnodent?

A

Measures bacterial porphyrins as they fluoresce and it then detects the amount of fluorescence associated with the carious lesion.

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9
Q

What is ICDAS?

A

International caries detection and assessment system

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10
Q

For what type of caries is ICDAS used?

A

Coronal and root surfaces as well as caries adjacent to restorations and sealants.

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11
Q

What would be described as an ICDAS code 5?

A

Distinct cavity

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12
Q

What is an ICDAS code 4?

A

Dentine shadow

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13
Q

Where would you find caries if it was classed as a class II?

A

Approximal surfaces of molars and premolars

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14
Q

Where would you expect caries to be found in a class III lesion?

A

Approximal surfaces of incisors and canines.

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15
Q

How can you increase the surface area for bonding?

A

Create a bevel.

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16
Q

Give an example of a chemomechanical method which allows carious dentine and sound dentine to be separated?

A

Carisolv

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17
Q

Describe the process of stepwise excavation.

A
  • clear the amelodentinal junction of all caries
  • free the cavity floor of superficial necrotic and demineralised dentine avoiding areas close to the pulp
  • line with dycal and GIC resin
  • reopen in 6-8 weeks and excavate to yellowish/greyish dentine
  • line dycal, vitrebond and fill
18
Q

What is the main advantage using acid etch and dentine bonding agent?

A

These reduce the need for the mechanical creation off undercuts so conserves tooth substance.

19
Q

Why are dentine pins rarely used these days?

A

They risk pulpal exposure and PDL damage

20
Q

When using what type of material can you leave unsupported enamel?

A

When using adhesive materials as they can act as a splint.

21
Q

Which restoration material is adhesive?

A

Glass polyalkenoate

22
Q

What anatomical structure of the maxillary molars should you try to preserve?

A

The oblique ridge

23
Q

By performing a restoration on a tooth which growth factor is released causing pulpal inflammation?

A

TGFbeta

24
Q

What are the 4 main functions of the pulp?

A
  • formative (produces dentine)
  • nutritive (nourishes avascular dentine)
  • protective (carries nerves that make dentine sensitive)
  • reparative (produces new dentine)
25
Q

What are the constituents of smear layer?

A
  • bacteria from cavity
  • collagen
  • hydroxyapatite
26
Q

What feature of dycal renders it bactericidal?

A

High pH

27
Q

What renders polycarboxylate cements mildly irritant to the pulp?

A

It is acidic but the high molecular weight means it has reduced penetration.

28
Q

Which cavity base is highly irritant to the pulp due to the low MW of parent acid and low pH?

A

Zinc phosphate

29
Q

What makes a glass polyalkenoate like vitrebond bacteriostatic?

A

Releases fluoride

30
Q

What is the advantage of a bonded restoration with regards to pulpal protection?

A

Cavity margins are sealed preventing the ingress of fluid and bacteria.

31
Q

How would you line a grossly deep cavity?

A

Dycal covered with a further layer of vitrebond before restoring.

32
Q

Where are linings placed in the cavity?

A

Only on the dentine overlying the pulp.

33
Q

Which is said to be the most cariogenic bacteria?

A

Strep mutans

34
Q

Which teeth have the highest incidence of caries?

A

Molars

35
Q

What produces initial sites for mineral loss?

A

Defects on tooth surfaces as they allow pooling of acid

36
Q

What is the fluoride concentration of duraphat varnish applied by dentists?

A

22,600 ppm

37
Q

What effect does water fluoridation have on caries incidence?

A

It does reduce caries in high risk populations but the effect on low risk populations is less clear.

38
Q

What filling materials release fluoride?

A

Glass ionomer cement
Fluoride releasing composites
Compomers

39
Q

What is the main concern about using glass ionomer cement for fissure sealants?

A

Moisture control

40
Q

How can secondary caries be reliably detected?

A
  • a cavitation carious lesion that cannot be cleaned
  • bitewing radiograph in post teeth
  • wide voids acting as plaque trap
41
Q

What four things are required for caries to occur?

A

Time
Substrate
Bacteria
Teeth

CDT (2 decks)

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