caregiver - infant interactions Flashcards
what is attachment?
- a close two way bond between two people
- takes a few months to develop in babies
-affected by responsivness of caregiver
how do you recognise attachment?
- proximity: staying close to attachmnet figure
- seperation distress: anxious when attachment figure leaves
- secure: making regular contact with attachment figure
why is attachment important?
- meaningful interactions with carers are important for a childs early social development
- good quality interactions lead to successful attachment between baby and caregiver
what is reciprocity?
- babies and their caregivers responding to each other
- also known as “turn taking”
- alert phase: babies can signal when they want interactions
example of reciprocity?
- baby smiles mum says something and the baby responds to her talking
feldman and eidelman 2007 found…
mothers typically respond 2/3 of the time
finegood et al 2016 suggested…
it varies depedning on mothers experience and external factors
brazelton et al 1975 suggested…
the mother and infant take turns during interaction
findings of reciprocity?
- from 3 months + it becomes more frequent
- involves mother and baby paying attention to each others noises and facial expressions
- babies do take an active role
feldman 2007 defined interactional synchrony as…
the temporal coordinatin of micro level social behaviour
findings of interactional synchrony?
synchronisation occurs when 2 or more people carry out the same action at the same time this happens when caregiver nd baby mirror each other
meltzoff and moore 1977 found…
attachment begins as early as 2 weeks old babies mirrored adults significantly
isabella et al 1989 studied…
30 mothes and babies she measured synchrony and quality of mother and babys attachment and found that high synchrony= better attachment
strength of research?
- filmed in a lab therefore it controlled for distractions
- recorded and analysed later so unlikely to miss key behvaiour
- more than 1 observer can record data so increased reliability
crotwell et al 2013 found…
strength
10 minute parent and cjild intercation therapy improves interactional synchrony
limitation
however this is socially sensitive as it implies that mothers who return to work are riksing damaging their childs developmnet
limitations of research?
- hard to interpret babies behaviour
- movements and expressions are sometimes random
- can not use observations alone to tell us about the purpose of the behaviours
“mothers typically respond 2/3 of the time”
(scholar & date)
feeldman and eidelman
2007
” responsiveness depends on mothers experince”
(scholar & date)
finegood et al 2016
“infant and caregiver take turns”
(scholar & date)
brazelton et al
1975
defined interactional synchrony as the temporal coordination of micro level social behaviour
feldman
2007
“attachment begins as early as 2 weeks”
(scholar & date)
meltzoff and moore
1977
studied 30 mothers and babies
(scholar & date)
isabella et al
1989
What is an attachment?
A close two way bond between two people
Takes a few months to develop in babies and is affected by responsiveness of the caregiver.
How do you recognise attachment?
Proximity, separation distress, secure contact
Proximity involves staying close to the attachment figure, separation distress is anxiety when the figure leaves, and secure contact is making regular interactions.
Why is attachment important?
Meaningful interactions with carers are crucial for a child’s early social development
Good quality interactions lead to successful attachment between baby and caregiver.
Define reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions.
Babies and their caregivers respond to each other
Also known as turn taking.
What did Feldman and Eidelman (2007) find about mothers’ responses?
Mothers typically respond ⅔ of the time
Suggested variability depending on mothers’ experience and external factors.
At what age does reciprocity become more frequent?
From 3 months and older
It involves mother and baby paying attention to each other’s noises and facial expressions.
What is interactional synchrony?
The temporal coordination of micro-level social behaviour
Defined by Feldman (2007).
What occurs during interactional synchrony?
Caregiver and baby mirror each other
Synchronisation happens when two or more people carry out the same action at the same time.
What did Meltzoff and Moore (1977) discover about attachment?
Attachment begins as early as 2 weeks old
Babies mirrored adults significantly.
What did Isabella et al (1989) find regarding synchrony and attachment?
High synchrony is associated with better attachment
Measured synchrony and quality of mother-baby attachment.
What is a strength of caregiver-infant interaction research?
Filmed in a lab to control for distractions
Recorded data can be analyzed later, ensuring key behaviors are not missed.
What is a limitation of interpreting baby behavior?
Hard to interpret due to uncoordinated and immobile movements
Subtle expressions can be random, and the baby’s perspective is unknown.
Why is observing baby behavior insufficient?
Observations alone do not reveal the importance of behaviors to development
Cannot determine the purpose of the behaviors through observation alone.
Factors that may affect a mother’s likelihood to respond to her baby include _____.
Stress, tiredness, preoccupation, external factors
Also depends on who else is present and how urgent the alert phase is.
What did Crotwell et al (2013) find about parent-child interaction therapy?
Improves interactional synchrony
This finding is socially sensitive as it implies that working mothers may risk damaging their child’s development.
