caregiver - infant interactions

Question 1

what is attachment?

Answer 1

• a close two way bond between two people
• takes a few months to develop in babies
  -affected by responsivness of caregiver

Question 2

how do you recognise attachment?

Answer 2

• proximity: staying close to attachmnet figure
• seperation distress: anxious when attachment figure leaves
• secure: making regular contact with attachment figure

Question 3

why is attachment important?

Answer 3

• meaningful interactions with carers are important for a childs early social development
• good quality interactions lead to successful attachment between baby and caregiver

Question 4

what is reciprocity?

Answer 4

• babies and their caregivers responding to each other
• also known as “turn taking”
• alert phase: babies can signal when they want interactions

Question 5

example of reciprocity?

Answer 5

• baby smiles mum says something and the baby responds to her talking

Question 6

feldman and eidelman 2007 found…

Answer 6

mothers typically respond 2/3 of the time

Question 7

finegood et al 2016 suggested…

Answer 7

it varies depedning on mothers experience and external factors

Question 8

brazelton et al 1975 suggested…

Answer 8

the mother and infant take turns during interaction

Question 9

findings of reciprocity?

Answer 9

• from 3 months + it becomes more frequent
• involves mother and baby paying attention to each others noises and facial expressions
• babies do take an active role

Question 10

feldman 2007 defined interactional synchrony as…

Answer 10

the temporal coordinatin of micro level social behaviour

Question 11

findings of interactional synchrony?

Answer 11

synchronisation occurs when 2 or more people carry out the same action at the same time this happens when caregiver nd baby mirror each other

Question 12

meltzoff and moore 1977 found…

Answer 12

attachment begins as early as 2 weeks old babies mirrored adults significantly

Question 13

isabella et al 1989 studied…

Answer 13

30 mothes and babies she measured synchrony and quality of mother and babys attachment and found that high synchrony= better attachment

Question 14

strength of research?

Answer 14

• filmed in a lab therefore it controlled for distractions
• recorded and analysed later so unlikely to miss key behvaiour
• more than 1 observer can record data so increased reliability

Question 15

crotwell et al 2013 found…

Answer 15

strength
10 minute parent and cjild intercation therapy improves interactional synchrony

limitation
however this is socially sensitive as it implies that mothers who return to work are riksing damaging their childs developmnet

Question 16

limitations of research?

Answer 16

• hard to interpret babies behaviour
• movements and expressions are sometimes random
• can not use observations alone to tell us about the purpose of the behaviours

Question 17

“mothers typically respond 2/3 of the time”
(scholar & date)

Answer 17

feeldman and eidelman
2007

Question 18

” responsiveness depends on mothers experince”
(scholar & date)

Answer 18

finegood et al 2016

Question 19

“infant and caregiver take turns”
(scholar & date)

Answer 19

brazelton et al
1975

Question 20

defined interactional synchrony as the temporal coordination of micro level social behaviour

Answer 20

feldman
2007

Question 21

“attachment begins as early as 2 weeks”
(scholar & date)

Answer 21

meltzoff and moore
1977

Question 22

studied 30 mothers and babies
(scholar & date)

Answer 22

isabella et al
1989

Question 23

What is an attachment?

Answer 23

A close two way bond between two people

Takes a few months to develop in babies and is affected by responsiveness of the caregiver.

Question 24

How do you recognise attachment?

Answer 24

Proximity, separation distress, secure contact

Proximity involves staying close to the attachment figure, separation distress is anxiety when the figure leaves, and secure contact is making regular interactions.

Question 25

Why is attachment important?

Answer 25

Meaningful interactions with carers are crucial for a child's early social development ## Footnote Good quality interactions lead to successful attachment between baby and caregiver.

Question 26

Define reciprocity in caregiver-infant interactions.

Answer 26

Babies and their caregivers respond to each other ## Footnote Also known as turn taking.

Question 27

What did Feldman and Eidelman (2007) find about mothers' responses?

Answer 27

Mothers typically respond ⅔ of the time ## Footnote Suggested variability depending on mothers' experience and external factors.

Question 28

At what age does reciprocity become more frequent?

Answer 28

From 3 months and older ## Footnote It involves mother and baby paying attention to each other's noises and facial expressions.

Question 29

What is interactional synchrony?

Answer 29

The temporal coordination of micro-level social behaviour ## Footnote Defined by Feldman (2007).

Question 30

What occurs during interactional synchrony?

Answer 30

Caregiver and baby mirror each other ## Footnote Synchronisation happens when two or more people carry out the same action at the same time.

Question 31

What did Meltzoff and Moore (1977) discover about attachment?

Answer 31

Attachment begins as early as 2 weeks old ## Footnote Babies mirrored adults significantly.

Question 32

What did Isabella et al (1989) find regarding synchrony and attachment?

Answer 32

High synchrony is associated with better attachment ## Footnote Measured synchrony and quality of mother-baby attachment.

Question 33

What is a strength of caregiver-infant interaction research?

Answer 33

Filmed in a lab to control for distractions ## Footnote Recorded data can be analyzed later, ensuring key behaviors are not missed.

Question 34

What is a limitation of interpreting baby behavior?

Answer 34

Hard to interpret due to uncoordinated and immobile movements ## Footnote Subtle expressions can be random, and the baby's perspective is unknown.

Question 35

Why is observing baby behavior insufficient?

Answer 35

Observations alone do not reveal the importance of behaviors to development ## Footnote Cannot determine the purpose of the behaviors through observation alone.

Question 36

Factors that may affect a mother's likelihood to respond to her baby include _____.

Answer 36

Stress, tiredness, preoccupation, external factors ## Footnote Also depends on who else is present and how urgent the alert phase is.

Question 37

What did Crotwell et al (2013) find about parent-child interaction therapy?

Answer 37

Improves interactional synchrony ## Footnote This finding is socially sensitive as it implies that working mothers may risk damaging their child's development.