Caregiver-Infant Interactions Flashcards
What is reciprocity in the context of caregiver-child interactions?
Mutual response exchange between caregivers and children.
According to Meltzoff & Moore (1997), what is the critical period for age imitation?
Birth to 2.5 years.
What did Meltzoff & Moore (1997) find about babies and caregiver interactions?
Babies attempted to imitate the gestures and social expressions made by caregivers.
Define interactional synchrony.
How a parent’s speech becomes finely synchronized in direct response to the child.
What role does interactional synchrony serve according to Feldman (2001)?
It plays a critical role in developmental outcomes, including self-regulation and empathy.
List the stages of attachment according to Schaffer.
- Pre-attachment stage (0-2/3 months) * Indiscriminate attachment (2/3-7/8 months) * Discriminate attachment (7/8 months) * Multiple attachments (9 months onwards)
At what age does the pre-attachment stage occur?
0 to 2/3 months.
What characterizes the indiscriminate attachment stage?
Preference for human over non-human company and ability to distinguish between people.
What happens during the discriminate (specific) attachment stage?
Preference for one caregiver and separation anxiety towards strangers.
What is the age range for multiple attachments to develop?
9 months onwards.
What did Schaffer & Emerson (1964) assess in their study?
Patterns of attachment across infants.
How many infants were involved in Schaffer & Emerson’s (1964) study?
60 infants aged 10-18 months.
What two ways did Schaffer & Emerson measure attachment?
- Separation protest * Stranger anxiety
At what age did most infants show separation protest?
Around 6-8 months.
What conclusion can be drawn about multiple attachments according to Schaffer?
Multiple attachments are shown to be the norm.
