Caregiver-Infant Interactions

Question 1

When does psychological development happen?

Answer 1

When children form relationships, interact with others, learn to understand their feelings and manage their feelings

Question 2

How is attachment typified?

Answer 2

By an infant’s desire to seek proximity to a particular individual and to display distress when seperated from the particular individual.

Question 3

What does the caregiver provide?

Answer 3

A sense of security to the infant.

Question 4

What are the forms of communication between caregiver and infant?

Answer 4

• Interactional Synchrony.
• Reciprocity.
• Mimicking.
• Bodily Contact.
• Caregiverese.

Question 5

What is interactional synchrony?

Answer 5

When an infant moves their body in time with the rhythm of the caregiver’s spoken language.

Question 6

What is reciprocity?

Answer 6

Interactions that lead to mutual behaviour between the caregiver and infant.

Question 7

What is mimicking?

Answer 7

When infants imitate the facial expressions of the caregiver.

Question 8

What is bodily contact?

Answer 8

Physical interactions that help to form the attachment bond in the very early period.

Question 9

What is caregiverese?

Answer 9

• A form of modified vocal language used by adults as they interact with infants.
• Includes high-pitched, song-like vocals that are slow and repetitive.
• Strengthen the attachment bond.

Question 10

Who researched into the impact of contact?

Answer 10

• Klaus and Kennel (1976).
• Isabella et al. (1989).
• Meltzoff and Moore (1977).
• Papousek et al. (1991).

Question 11

What was the method in Klaus and Kennel (1976)?

Answer 11

Compared mothers who displayed extended physical contact with their babies with mothers who only contacted witht their infant three days after birth.

Question 12

What were the results of Klaus and Kennel (1976)?

Answer 12

After one month, mothers who displayed greater physical contatc were found to cuddle and make greater eye-contact with their babies.

Question 13

What was concluded in Klaus and Kennel (1976)?

Answer 13

Greater physical contact leads to an attachment bond that is closer and stronger.

Question 14

What is a strength of Klaus and Kennel (1976)?

Answer 14

Led to real-world effects, with hospitals placing mothers and babies in the same room in the days following birth to encourage attachment formation.

Question 15

What was found in Isabella et al. (1989)?

Answer 15

Infants with secure attachments demonstrated interactional synchrony during the first year of life.

Question 16

What was discovered in Meltzoff and Moore (1977)?

Answer 16

• Infants aged two to three weeks displayed a tendency to mimic adults’ facial expressions and hand movements.
• Indicates mimicry is an innate ability that helps in the formation of attachment.

Question 17

What was found in Papousek et al. (1991)?

Answer 17

• The use of caregiverese was cross-cultural.
• Suggests that it is an innate device.