Care of the patient with Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Describe the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus.
Identify laboratory values used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus.
Differentiate onset, peak, and duration for various insulin types.
Understand nursing considerations for oral hypoglycemic agents.
Implement nursing interventions for acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
Teach self-care strategies to patients regarding management of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus (Pathophysiology)
Classifications of DM
1) Type 1 diabetes
2) Type 2 diabetes
3) Gestational
Glucose regulation
1) Counter regulatory hormones
2) Absence of insulin
a) Classic symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
Classifications of DM
Classifications of DM
1) Type 1 diabetes
2) Type 2 diabetes
3) Gestational
Glucose regulation
1) Counter regulatory hormones
2) Absence of insulin
a) Classic symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
Diabetes mellitus (Complications)
Acute complications
Chronic complications
1) Macrovascular complications
2) Microvascular complications
Diagnostic studies
Fasting blood glucose test
Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
Glucose tolerance test
Drug therapy
Antidiabetic medications
Insulin
2) Insulin regimens
Insulin pump (Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII)
4) Problems with insulin therapy
6. Nutrition
7. Exercise
8. Blood glucose control
9. Patient education
Types of insulin
a) Rapid-acting
b) Short-acting
c) Intermediate-acting
d) Long acting
e) Combination insulins
Methods of insulin administration
a) Vial and syringe
b) Insulin pen
c) Insulin pump (Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII)
Problems with insulin therapy
a) Somogyi effect
b) Dawn phenomenon
c) Lipodystrophy
Differentiate normal from abnormal physical assessment findings in patients with disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands.
Understand the significance of laboratory values used to determine alteration in function of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands.
Correlate pathophysiology of the patient with, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal gland disorder.
Implement the nursing process while caring for patients with thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal gland disorders.
Identify common medications used to treat disorders of the thyroid, parathyroid and adrenal glands.
Recognize the educational needs of patients requiring corticosteroid therapy.
Health history
a. Subjective data
b. Objective data
c. Psychosocial assessment
Thyroid disorder
Hyperthyroidism
a. Pathophysiology
b. Clinical manifestations
c. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values
d. Treatments and nursing interventions
1) Nonsurgical management
a) Medications
2) Surgical management
Thyroid disorder
Hypothyroidism
a. Pathophysiology
b. Clinical manifestations
c. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values
d. Treatments and nursing interventions
Parathyroid disorders
Hyperparathyroidism
a. Pathophysiology
b. Clinical manifestations
c. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values
d. Treatments and nursing interventions
1) Surgical
2) Nonsurgical
Parathyroid disorders
Hypoparathyroidism
a. Pathophysiology
b. Clinical manifestations
c. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values
d. Treatments and nursing interventions
1) Nonsurgical
Adrenal gland disorders
Addison’s disease
a. Pathophysiology
b. Clinical manifestations
c. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values
d. Treatments and nursing interventions
e. Long term care
f. Corticosteroid therapy
Adrenal gland disorders
Cushing syndrome
a. Pathophysiology
b. Clinical manifestations
c. Diagnostic tests and laboratory values
d. Treatments and nursing interventions
1) Nonsurgical
2) Surgical
