Care of the patient with Endocrine Disorders Flashcards
Describe the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus.
Identify laboratory values used to diagnose and monitor diabetes mellitus.
Differentiate onset, peak, and duration for various insulin types.
Understand nursing considerations for oral hypoglycemic agents.
Implement nursing interventions for acute and chronic complications of diabetes mellitus.
Teach self-care strategies to patients regarding management of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes mellitus (Pathophysiology)
Classifications of DM
1) Type 1 diabetes
2) Type 2 diabetes
3) Gestational
Glucose regulation
1) Counter regulatory hormones
2) Absence of insulin
a) Classic symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
Classifications of DM
Classifications of DM
1) Type 1 diabetes
2) Type 2 diabetes
3) Gestational
Glucose regulation
1) Counter regulatory hormones
2) Absence of insulin
a) Classic symptoms of diabetes (polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia)
Diabetes mellitus (Complications)
Acute complications
Chronic complications
1) Macrovascular complications
2) Microvascular complications
Diagnostic studies
Fasting blood glucose test
Glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C)
Glucose tolerance test
Drug therapy
Antidiabetic medications
Insulin
2) Insulin regimens
Insulin pump (Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII)
4) Problems with insulin therapy
6. Nutrition
7. Exercise
8. Blood glucose control
9. Patient education
Types of insulin
a) Rapid-acting
b) Short-acting
c) Intermediate-acting
d) Long acting
e) Combination insulins
Methods of insulin administration
a) Vial and syringe
b) Insulin pen
c) Insulin pump (Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII)
Problems with insulin therapy
a) Somogyi effect
b) Dawn phenomenon
c) Lipodystrophy
