Care of The Head, Eye, Mouth, Ear, Nose and Throat Flashcards
Mention 5 common head problems and conditions.
- Brain Injury
- Brain infection
- Headaches
- Neurodegenerative diseases e.g. Parkinson’s
- Mental disorders e.g. depression, psychosis
Chronic stress has no effect on the the brain.
True of False?
False.
Chronic stress causes problems with the brain.
How do you care for the head?
- Protect the head from injury by taking necessary safety measures
- Protect the brain from degeneration by trying new experiences, challenging the brain to recall events, learning a new language, reading and meditating
- Prevent scalp and hair damage by washing regularly, avoiding heat damage, inspect unusual growths of colour changes on scalp, seeking early medical help for conditions affecting the scalp and hair
- Reduce stress
- Get adequate sleep
- Interact with people
- Exercise, building muscles
- Proper nutrition
- Avoid recreational drugs
- Facial skin care: cleanse, moisturise, protect from sun.
Mention 7 parts of the eye and their functions.
- Cornea: translucent covering of the eye, refracts and bends light into the eye
- Sclera: white of the eye. Provides protection.
- Lens: transparent structure in they eye that focuses light on the retina
- Retina: Nerve layer at the back of the eye that senses light and creates electrical impulses
- Optical nerve: transmits electrical impulses to the brain
- Macula: area in the retina that contains light-sensitive cells that allow us see fine details
- Vitreous: jelly-like substance that fills the middle eye
- Conjuctiva: mucous membrane that lines the eyelid and eye surface.
Mention 5 conditions that affect the eyes.
- Eye infection
- Myopia
- Hypermetropia
- Presbyopia
- Cataract
- Glaucoma
How do you care for the eyes?
- Proper nutrition
- Eyes exercises
- Eye check-ups
- Proactive protection of eyes from injury or damage
- Avoid aggressive eye rubbing
Mention 5 conditions that affect the ears.
- Ear infection
- Meniere’s disease
- Ear barotrauma
- Excessive cerumen
- Age-induced hearing decline
- Noise-induced hearing loss
Patients with ear barotrauma may experience uncomfortable pressure in ear.
How do you care for the ears?
- Protect ears from loud noises; use ear plug, noise-cancelling headphones
- Use the 60/60 rue when using earbuds or headphones; no more than 60% volume for no more than 60 minutes
- Careful cleaning of ears
- Avoid inserting things into the ear
What are the functions of the nose?
- Smell
- Warming, moistening and cleaning air
- Passage of air into and out of lungs
Mention 5 conditions affecting the nose.
- Rhinitis
- Sinusitis
- Deviated septum
- Epistaxis (nosebleed)
- Nasal polyps
How do you care for the nose?
- Protect nose from dust, allergens and smoke
- Use a humidifier during dry season
- Moisten nostrils
- Use petroleum jelly to protect nose from irritation
What are the 3 parts of the throat?
- Nasopharynx (upper)
- Oropharynx (middle)
- Laryngopharynx (lower)
What separates the oesophagus from the trachea?
The Epiglottis
Asides the pharynx, what other things are contained in the throat?
- Pharyngeal muscles
- Blood vessels
- Tonsils
- Larynx
Mention 5 conditions that affect the throat.
- ENT infections
- Pharyngitis
- Laryngitis
- Dysphagia: difficulty swallowing
- Odynophagia: painful swallowing
- Voice loss
- Tonsilitis, adenoiditis
