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CPAN Reviewer > Care of Pediatrics > Flashcards

Care of Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

What makes pediatric patients different?

A

!Laryngospasm is fairly common problem

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2
Q

What is the age classification for neonates?

A

0-28d of life
44 weeks post conceptual age
HR 90-160 (asleep)
HR 100-204 (awake)
RR 30 - 53
SBP 67- 84
DBP 35 - 53

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3
Q

What is the age classification for infants?

A

1-12 months
HR 90-160 (asleep)
HR 100-190 (awake)
RR 30 - 53
SBP 72 -104
DBP 37 - 56

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4
Q

What is the age classification for toddler?

A

1-3 years
HR 80-120 (asleep)
HR 98-140 (awake)
RR 22 - 37
SBP 86 -106
DBP 42 - 63

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5
Q

What is the age classification for pre-schooler?

A

3-5 years
HR 65-100 (asleep)
HR 80-120 (awake)
RR 20 - 28
SBP 89 -112
DBP 46 - 72

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6
Q

What is the age classification for school age?

A

6-12 years
HR 58- 90 (asleep)
HR 75-118 (awake)
RR 18 - 25
SBP 97 -120
DBP 57 - 80

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7
Q

What is the age classification for adolescent?

A

13-18 years
HR 50- 90 (asleep)
HR 60- 100 (awake)
RR 12 - 20
SBP110-131
DBP 64 - 83

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8
Q

What is the pre-operative NPO guidelines for pediatrics?

A

Clear liquid - 2 hours
!Breast milk - 4 hours
Infant formula - 6 hours
Non-human milk - 6 hours
Light meal - 6 hours

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9
Q

At what age is separation anxiety is highest among pediatric patients?

A

8 months - 2 years
Separation anxiety is highest
Most difficult for mask induction
Pre-medication/ Pre-induction useful

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10
Q

At what age is fear of loss of control is highest among pediatric patients?

A

7-11 years (fear of loss of control)
Generally calm with mask induction1
Fearful of needles

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11
Q

When is CPR initiated for bradycardic infants?

A

!HR < 60 for infants (birth to 1 year)

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12
Q

Where to check pulse for < 2 years old.

A

Apical pulse

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13
Q

What are the risk factors for emergence delirium among pediatric patients?

A

Sevoflurane/ Desflurane anesthesia
Pain
ENT surgery
!Male
Pre-op anxiety
Pre-existing behavior

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14
Q

When to use FLACC behavioral pain scale on pediatric patients?

A

0-7 years old
FACES can be used as early as 3 years old

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15
Q

What pre medication is commonly used in pediatric patients?

A

Midazolam (Versed)

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16
Q

What is commonly used dosage of midazolam for pediatric patient?

A

PO 0.25-1mg/kg (max 20mg)
20-30 minute onset
IV 0.025-0.21 mg/kg

17
Q

What is the common side effect of midazolam to pediatric patients?

A

paradoxical excitation

18
Q

When is ketamine used for pediatric patients?

A

pediatric patients who have behavioral d/o or very distress/ed uncooperative

19
Q

What is the side effect of ketamine in pediatric patients?

A

hallucinations/ dysphoria
PONV
DO NOT USE if increased ICP

20
Q

What is the dosage of ketamine for pediatric patients?

A

PO 5-10mg/kg
IV 1mg/kg

21
Q

How to treat laryngospasm for pediatric patients?

A

Administered 100% humidified O2
!Apply continuous positive pressure by mask
Suction secretions
Reintubate if severe

22
Q

What is the general rule for ETT size for pediatric patients?

A

!Uncuffed ETT must be used until 8 years old to allow slight air leak to be present

23
Q

What is the dose of zofran for pediatric patients?

A

0.15mg/kg

24
Q

Pediatric pain management

A

Morphine is gold standard for opioids
PCA as young as 5 years old based on manual dexterity and ability to understand the concept

25
Q

Erikson’s Stages of Development Theories

A

Infancy (0-1yr) - Basic trust vs. mistrust

Toddler (2-3yr) - Autonomy vs. shame/doubt

Preschool (3-6yr) - Initiative vs. guilt

School age (6-12yr) - Industry vs. inferiority

Adolescense (12-20yr) - Identify vs. role diffusion

26
Q

Post procedure, a child experienced laryngeal edema. Symptoms subsided after treatment. The parents are instructed to expect:

  1. oxygen therapy at home
  2. discharge after 1 hour of observation
  3. minimal wheezing upon discharge
  4. monitoring in PACU for 2-4 hours
A

monitoring in PACU for 2-4 hours

CPAN Reviewer (7 decks)

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