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SAPE October 2015 > CARDS > Flashcards

CARDS Flashcards

1
Q

How might HTN present in clinic?

A

asymptomatic or with HA

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2
Q

How might HTN present in clinic?

A

asymptomatic or with HA

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3
Q

Define Stage 1 HTN.

A

SBP 140-159

DBP 90-99

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4
Q

Define Stage 2 HTN.

A

SBP >160

DBP >100

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5
Q

Define malignant HTN.

A

SBP > 180

DBP > 120

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6
Q

What are some signs of target organ damage?

A

-retinopathy: cotton wool spots, AV nicking, hemorrhages
-heart: increase LV tension causes CHF
-nephropathy
-brain: stroke
PV: claudication, decreased pulses

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7
Q

What labs are done when working up a HTN patient?

A
  • EKG
  • Hgb/Hct
  • UA
  • cholesterol
  • FBG
  • potassium, calcium, creatinine
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8
Q

BP Tx Goal for Uncomplicated HTN

A
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9
Q

BP Tx Goal for HTN in Pts with Renal Dz, DM or CAD

A
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10
Q

BP Tx Goal for Pts with Heart Failure

A
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11
Q

Big 5 Lifestyle Modifications for HTN Pts

A
  • physical activity
  • DASH diet/low sodium diet
  • weight reduction
  • smoking cessation
  • decrease EtOH
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12
Q

Major CHD Risk Factors

A
  • family hx: male 45, female >55
  • HTN: >140/90 or HTN meds
  • current cigarette smoking
  • HDL
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13
Q

What is a negative CHD risk factor?

A

HDL > 60

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14
Q

CHD Risk Equivalents

A
  • DM
  • peripheral arterial dz
  • AAA
  • symptomatic carotid artery dz
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15
Q

Normal Total Cholesterol

A
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16
Q

Normal LDL Cholesterol

A
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17
Q

Normal HDL Cholesterol

A

> 60

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18
Q

Normal TGs

A
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19
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with 0-1 CHD risk factors? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC when LDL > 160

- goal

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20
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with >2 CHD risk factors and 10 year risk

A
  • start TLC when LDL > 130

- goal LDL

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21
Q

When should TLC be started in patients with >2 risk factors and 10 year risk 10-20%? What is their LDL goal?

A
  • start TLC at LDL > 130

- goal LDL

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22
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for CHD Patients

A
  • healthy diet
  • weight reduction
  • increased physical activity
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23
Q

Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for CHD Patients

A
  • healthy diet
  • weight reduction
  • increased physical activity
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24
Q

Define Stage 1 HTN.

A

SBP 140-159

DBP 90-99

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25
Define Stage 2 HTN.
SBP >160 | DBP >100
26
Define malignant HTN.
SBP > 180 | DBP > 120
27
What are some signs of target organ damage?
-retinopathy: cotton wool spots, AV nicking, hemorrhages -heart: increase LV tension causes CHF -nephropathy -brain: stroke PV: claudication, decreased pulses
28
What labs are done when working up a HTN patient?
- EKG - Hgb/Hct - UA - cholesterol - FBG - potassium, calcium, creatinine
29
BP Tx Goal for Uncomplicated HTN
30
BP Tx Goal for HTN in Pts with Renal Dz, DM or CAD
31
BP Tx Goal for Pts with Heart Failure
32
Big 5 Lifestyle Modifications for HTN Pts
- physical activity - DASH diet/low sodium diet - weight reduction - smoking cessation - decrease EtOH
33
Major CHD Risk Factors
- family hx: male 45, female >55 - HTN: >140/90 or HTN meds - current cigarette smoking - HDL
34
What is a negative CHD risk factor?
HDL > 60
35
CHD Risk Equivalents
- DM - peripheral arterial dz - AAA - symptomatic carotid artery dz
36
Normal Total Cholesterol
37
Normal LDL Cholesterol
38
Normal HDL Cholesterol
>60
39
Normal TGs
40
When should TLC be started in patients with 0-1 CHD risk factors? What is their LDL goal?
- start TLC when LDL > 160 | - goal
41
When should TLC be started in patients with >2 CHD risk factors and 10 year risk
- start TLC when LDL > 130 | - goal LDL
42
When should TLC be started in patients with >2 risk factors and 10 year risk 10-20%? What is their LDL goal?
- start TLC at LDL > 130 | - goal LDL
43
When should TLC be started in patients with CHD or CHD risk equivalents and 10 year risk > 20%? What is their LDL goal?
- start TLC at LDL >100 | - goal LDL
44
Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes (TLC) for CHD Patients
- healthy diet - weight reduction - increased physical activity
45
What symptoms might a patient presenting with MI complain of?
- chest heaviness/tightness | - pain/discomfort radiating to neck, jaw, upper extremities, epigastrium
46
How is AAA diagnosed?
- pulsatile mass in abdomen - spiral CT - US is simplest and least expensive --> procedure of choice for screening
47
What is the gold standard for diagnosis of CAD?
coronary angiogram
48
Complications of Acute MI
- arrhythmia - left ventricular failure - cardiogenic shock - ventricular septal defect - cardiac rupture - thromboembolism - pericarditis - mitral regurg
49
What leads show anterior MI?
V1-V4
50
What vessel is affected in anterior MI?
LAD (left anterior descending)
51
What leads show lateral MI?
-I, aVL, V5-6
52
What vessel is affected in lateral MI?
-left circumflex
53
What leads show inferior MI?
II, III, aVF
54
What vessel is affected in inferior MI?
right coronary
55
What leads show posterior MI?
V1-V3
56
Where is the congestion located in right CHF?
-dependent areas
57
Where is the congestion located in left CHF?
-congestion in lungs
58
Distended neck veins, tender or nontender hepatomegaly, and dependent pitting edema are sxs of?
right side CHF
59
DOE is the cardinal sign of?
left side CHF
60
Dyspnea/PND/orthopnea, fatigue, mental status changes, HoTN, hepatomegaly, JVD, tachycardia are signs and sxs of?
CHF
61
What labs/imaging are done for CHF?
- B-type natriuretic peptide - increased creatinine - echo to determine ejection fraction and valve abnormalities
62
What signs are seen on CXR in CHF pts?
- Kerley B lines - cardiomegaly - interstitial edema - pleural effusion - pulmonary edema
63
Virchow's Triad
- stasis - hypercoagulable state - endothelial injury
64
How might DVT present?
- asymptomatic - tenderness, warmth, edema - skin purple to red
65
How is DVT diagnosed?
- Homan's sign positive (but not diagnostic) - US or venogram - D-dimer is sensitive but not specific
66
Tx of DVT
- anticoagulation | - compression stockings
67
Risk Factors for AAA
- male - HTN, hyperlipidemia, PAD, COPD - smoking - age, FHx
68
How is AAA diagnosed?
- pulsatile mass in abdomen - spiral CT - US is simplest and least expensive --> procedure of choice for screening
69
How might a AAA present?
- shock, pulsatile abdominal mass, abdominal or back pain TRIAD = rupture of AAA - tachycardia - HoTN - anemia - flank contusion (Grey-Turner sign)

SAPE October 2015 (12 decks)

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