Cards Flashcards

1
Q

ECG rate, rhythm, Axis

Causes of sinus bradycardia and sinus tachy cardia

A

Normal rate: 60-100 bpm, brady to tachy cardia
Sinus brady-Phhysical fitness, sick sinus syndrome, drugs, vasovagal attacks, acute MI increase intracranial pressure
Sinus Tachy- anxietym anemia, pain fever, sepsis, CHF, PE, Hypovolemia, thyrotoxicosis, CO2 retention, and sympathomimetics

Rhythm- sinus rhythm that originates from sinus node, a P wave ( that is upright in 2, 3 and AVF, and inverted in aVR) preceding every QRS and a QRS after every P wave, sinus arrhythmia is common in young adults

Can be determined by examining the QRS in leads 1 2 and aVF

RAD RALPH and the LAD from VILLA hates WOLVES

Right Axis Deviation- right ventricular hypertrophy, Anterolateral MI, LPH (left posterior hemiblock, also PE)

Left axis Deviation- Ventricular tachy Inferior MI, LVH, Left Anterior hemiblock

WOLVES- WPW can cause both

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2
Q

Intervals of ECGs

A

PR interval: Normally 120-200 msec (3-5 small boxes). Prolonged= delayed AV conduction (1st degree heart block). Short= fast AV conduction down accessory pathway (WPW syndrome)

QRS Interval: normally under 120 (3 sm box) Q wave is <40 and <2mm deep Ventricular conduction defects can cause widened QRS complex (>120 msec)

LBBB- Deep S wave and no R wave in V1 (W shape) LBBB new is pathologic and sign of MI

RBBB- RST complex- rabit ears in V1

QT interval: <440, Long QT syndrome disposes to Vtach acute MI, brady cardia, myocardiits, hypo K, CA, Mg, congenital syndromes, head injury, and drugs

Jervell and Lange-Nielsen Syndrome: long QT syndrome due to a defect in K channel conduction, associated with sensorineural deafness, treat with b-blocker and pacemaker

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3
Q

Ischemia/infarction

A

Acute- within hours, peaked T waves, and sT segment changes. 24 hours, T wave inversion and ST seg resolution. Within a few days, pathologic Q more than one third height of QRS, Q waves usually persist, but can resolves Q waves signify either acute or prior ischemic events

Non Q wave infarcts- subendocardial infarcts have ST and T changes without Q waves

In a normal ECG R waves increase in size compared to the S waves between leads V1 and V5, Poor r waves progression refers to diminished R waves in these precordial leads and can be a sign of infarction although it is not specific

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4
Q

cardiac phys

A

21

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