Cardiovascular Training

Question 1

What is the term for the percentage of end diastolic volume that is pumped from the ventricles?

Answer 1

Ejection fraction (%)

Question 2

What is the end diastolic volume?

Answer 2

Volume of blood in each ventricle during diastole (end of filling)

Question 3

What is stroke volume?

Answer 3

Amount of blood ejected from a ventricle in a single heartbeat (mL)

Question 4

Which gender has a larger stroke volume?

Answer 4

Males

Question 5

Is stroke volume higher or lower in untrained individuals?

Answer 5

Lower

Question 6

Stroke volume increases until what point of VO2 max?

Answer 6

40-50%

Question 7

What is cardiac output?

Answer 7

Amount of blood pumped per minute (stroke volume X heart rate)

Question 8

What is the relationship between exercise intensity and cardiac output?

Answer 8

Direct

Question 9

What is the relationship between exercise intensity and heart rate?

Answer 9

Direct

Question 10

How can one’s VO2 max be increased?

Answer 10

Training

Question 11

What is VO2 max?

Answer 11

Maximal amount of oxygen that can be taken in and utilized per kG/min

Question 12

What unit of measurement is used to rate the amount of energy used in different activities?

Answer 12

METs (metabolic equivalents)

Question 13

What is EPOC?

Answer 13

Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption

Question 14

What is the respiratory quotient (RQ)?

Answer 14

Ratio of the volume of CO2 expired to the volume of O2 consumed (VCO2/VO2)

Question 15

Which macronutrients are associated with the RQ?

Answer 15

Fats and carbs (proteins left out of calculation)

Question 16

Which part of blood pressure should rise steadily with exercise intensity?

Answer 16

Systolic

Question 17

Diastolic pressure increase of greater than 15 mmHg is indicative of what?

Answer 17

Possible coronary artery disease

Question 18

What is the maximal safe systolic elevation during exercise?

Answer 18

220 mmHg

Question 19

What is the exception to the rule for maximal safe systolic elevation during exercise?

Answer 19

Top athletes may approach 250 mmHg

Question 20

How is the lactate threshold different in untrained individuals and endurance athletes?

Answer 20

Untrained = 55% VO2 max
Athletes = 70% VO2 max

Question 21

What physiological changes help endurance athletes change their lactate threshold?

Answer 21

Increased mitochondria and capillary density

Question 22

What are two ways in which the lactate threshold can be monitored or assessed?

Answer 22

Talk test, Borg scale

Question 23

Are anaerobic and lactate thresholds the same?

Answer 23

NO

Question 24

What is the anaerobic threshold?

Answer 24

Ventilatory breakpoint where excess carbon dioxide is expired

Question 25

Which hormone decreases with exercise?

Answer 25

Insulin

Question 26

Which hormones are increased with exercise?

Answer 26

Cortisol, catecholamines, endorphins, growth hormone, testosterone

Question 27

Increases in growth hormone and testosterone are more notable with what kind of exercise?

Answer 27

Resistance

Question 28

Why does training lead to increase stroke volume at both rest and max?

Answer 28

Better contraction and increased heart size

Question 29

How can training affect cholesterol?

Answer 29

Increases HDL and total blood cholesterol may decrease

Question 30

Multifidi have a higher concentration of which muscle fibers?

Answer 30

Type I

Question 31

Is there direct blood supply to the IVDs?

Answer 31

No, from above and below