cardiovascular system unit 2 Flashcards
function of the right atrium
recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from the BODY through the VENA CAVA
function of the left atrium
recieves OXYGENATED blood from LUNGS through the PULMONARY VEIN
function of the right ventricle
recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from the RIGHT ATRIUM through the TRICUSPID VALVE throught the PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS
function of the left ventricle
recieves OXYGENATED blood from the LEFT ATRIUM throught the BICUSPID VALVE through the AORTA to the BODY
function of the tricuspid valve
prevents the backflow of blood from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the RIGHT ATRIUM
function of the bicuspid valve
prevents the backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the LEFT ATRIUM
function of the semi-lunar valves
- allows blood to flow from the LEFT ATRIUM to the LEFT VENTRICLE
-closes to prevent backflow of blood from ARTERIES to VENTRICLES
function of chordae tendineae
- tendons that attatch to the TRICUSPID VALVE and the BICUSPID VALVE
- prevents them from opening backwards
function of the septum
seperates DEOXYGENATED blood from OXYGENATED blood
funtion of the coronary arteries
supplies the haert muscle with oxygen and nutrients
function of the aorta
recieves OXYGENATED blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the BODY (apart from lungs)
function of the vena cava
recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from BODY into the RIGHT ATRIUM
function of the pulmonary artery
recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the LUNGS
function of the pulmonary vein
recieves OXYGENATED blood from the body into the LEFT ATRIUM
function of arteries
- carry blood AWAY from the heart
- carry OXYGENATED blood (not pulmonary artery)
- dont have valves
- deep vessels
- hight elasticity due to walls being smooth muscle
function of arterioles
- smaller version of erteries
- thinner walls
- help to redirect blood (vascular shunt)
function of veins
- carry blood INTO the heart (venous return)
- thin walls
- low pressure
- contain valves
- superficial vessels
function of venules
- smaller version of veins
- transport DEOXYGENATED blood under LOW presssure
function of capillaries
- connect arteries and veins
- smallest blood vessel
- narrow and thin (1 cell thick)
- allow diffusion of ocygen and nutrients
red blood cells
- ERYTHROCYTES
- 99% of blood cells
- carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells
- contain haemoglobin (red pigment)
- haemoglobin bined to oxygen = OXYHAEMOGLOBIN
- biconcave shape increases surface area
white blood cells
- LEUCOCYTES
- 0.9% of all blood cells
- fight infections
- identify and destroy pathogens
plasma
- 55% of total volume
- straw-colored liquid
- all components are suspended in it
- carry carbon dioxide as carbonic acid
platelets
- THROMBOCYTES
- 0.9%
- cell fragments (old red blood cells)
- help with clotting blood
functions of the lymphatic system
- drainage system
- part of the immune system
- transport clear liquid called lymph
- excretes waste products via urine and faeces
- fights infections
- collects fluid from bodys tissues
FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
delivery of oxygen and nutrients
- major function is to cicrculate oxygen and nutrients
- carbohydrates and proteins are dissolved in the plasma
- oxygen is attached to haemoglobin which forms oxyhaemoglobin
- as exercise increases so does the demand until the demand is too high and fatigue occurs
removal of waste products
- during intense exercise the body will increase its production of lactate which needs to be removed to avoid fatigue
- carry waste products to liver and kidneys tp be removed
control of blood flow
- responsible for distribution of blood during rest and exercise
- redistributing heat from the core to the skin to maintain lower temperature
- vasodilation= increase in blood vessel size to allow more blood through
- vasoconstriction= decrease in size of blood vessels to limit the amount of blood flow
clot blood
- plug holes in the skin to reduce infection
- platelets will form a plug for the damaged site
- coagulation factors determine how fast it plugs/scabs
fight infections
- white blood cells defent the body from viruses and bacteria
- produced in bone marrow
- consume pathogens and produce antibodies and antitoxins to destroy them
- overexercising up to a certain point will increase a persons risk of illness
neural control of the cardiac system
1) SA NODE
sa node initiates an impulse which spreads across atria causing atria systole
2) AV NODE
impulse reaches av node and delays the impulse to allow the atria to finish contracting
3) BUNDLE OF HIS
impulse is conducted down the bundle of his
4) PURKINJE FIBRES
impulse spreads through the purkinje fibres in the walls of the ventricles
blood flow through the heart
1) ATRIAL DIASTOLE
atria fill with blood (relaxation phase)
2) ATRIAL SYSTOLE
causes remaining blood in the atria to be pushed into ventricles (contraction phase)
3) VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE
ventricles fill with blood (relaxation phase)
4) VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE
causes contraction of both ventricles and blood leaves the heart
