cardiovascular system unit 2

Question 1

function of the right atrium

Answer 1

recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from the BODY through the VENA CAVA

Question 2

function of the left atrium

Answer 2

recieves OXYGENATED blood from LUNGS through the PULMONARY VEIN

Question 3

function of the right ventricle

Answer 3

recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from the RIGHT ATRIUM through the TRICUSPID VALVE throught the PULMONARY ARTERY to the LUNGS

Question 4

function of the left ventricle

Answer 4

recieves OXYGENATED blood from the LEFT ATRIUM throught the BICUSPID VALVE through the AORTA to the BODY

Question 5

function of the tricuspid valve

Answer 5

prevents the backflow of blood from the RIGHT VENTRICLE to the RIGHT ATRIUM

Question 6

function of the bicuspid valve

Answer 6

prevents the backflow of blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the LEFT ATRIUM

Question 7

function of the semi-lunar valves

Answer 7

• allows blood to flow from the LEFT ATRIUM to the LEFT VENTRICLE
  -closes to prevent backflow of blood from ARTERIES to VENTRICLES

Question 8

function of chordae tendineae

Answer 8

• tendons that attatch to the TRICUSPID VALVE and the BICUSPID VALVE
• prevents them from opening backwards

Question 9

function of the septum

Answer 9

seperates DEOXYGENATED blood from OXYGENATED blood

Question 10

funtion of the coronary arteries

Answer 10

supplies the haert muscle with oxygen and nutrients

Question 11

function of the aorta

Answer 11

recieves OXYGENATED blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the BODY (apart from lungs)

Question 12

function of the vena cava

Answer 12

recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from BODY into the RIGHT ATRIUM

Question 13

function of the pulmonary artery

Answer 13

recieves DEOXYGENATED blood from the LEFT VENTRICLE to the LUNGS

Question 14

function of the pulmonary vein

Answer 14

recieves OXYGENATED blood from the body into the LEFT ATRIUM

Question 15

function of arteries

Answer 15

• carry blood AWAY from the heart
• carry OXYGENATED blood (not pulmonary artery)
• dont have valves
• deep vessels
• hight elasticity due to walls being smooth muscle

Question 16

function of arterioles

Answer 16

• smaller version of erteries
• thinner walls
• help to redirect blood (vascular shunt)

Question 17

function of veins

Answer 17

• carry blood INTO the heart (venous return)
• thin walls
• low pressure
• contain valves
• superficial vessels

Question 18

function of venules

Answer 18

• smaller version of veins
• transport DEOXYGENATED blood under LOW presssure

Question 19

function of capillaries

Answer 19

• connect arteries and veins
• smallest blood vessel
• narrow and thin (1 cell thick)
• allow diffusion of ocygen and nutrients

Question 20

red blood cells

Answer 20

• ERYTHROCYTES
• 99% of blood cells
• carry oxygen and nutrients to all body cells
• contain haemoglobin (red pigment)
• haemoglobin bined to oxygen = OXYHAEMOGLOBIN
• biconcave shape increases surface area

Question 21

white blood cells

Answer 21

• LEUCOCYTES
• 0.9% of all blood cells
• fight infections
• identify and destroy pathogens

Question 22

plasma

Answer 22

• 55% of total volume
• straw-colored liquid
• all components are suspended in it
• carry carbon dioxide as carbonic acid

Question 23

platelets

Answer 23

• THROMBOCYTES
• 0.9%
• cell fragments (old red blood cells)
• help with clotting blood

Question 24

functions of the lymphatic system

Answer 24

• drainage system
• part of the immune system
• transport clear liquid called lymph
• excretes waste products via urine and faeces
• fights infections
• collects fluid from bodys tissues

Question 25

FUNCTIONS OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM delivery of oxygen and nutrients

Answer 25

- major function is to cicrculate oxygen and nutrients - carbohydrates and proteins are dissolved in the plasma - oxygen is attached to haemoglobin which forms oxyhaemoglobin - as exercise increases so does the demand until the demand is too high and fatigue occurs

Question 26

removal of waste products

Answer 26

- during intense exercise the body will increase its production of lactate which needs to be removed to avoid fatigue - carry waste products to liver and kidneys tp be removed

Question 27

control of blood flow

Answer 27

- responsible for distribution of blood during rest and exercise - redistributing heat from the core to the skin to maintain lower temperature - vasodilation= increase in blood vessel size to allow more blood through - vasoconstriction= decrease in size of blood vessels to limit the amount of blood flow

Question 28

clot blood

Answer 28

- plug holes in the skin to reduce infection - platelets will form a plug for the damaged site - coagulation factors determine how fast it plugs/scabs

Question 29

fight infections

Answer 29

- white blood cells defent the body from viruses and bacteria - produced in bone marrow - consume pathogens and produce antibodies and antitoxins to destroy them - overexercising up to a certain point will increase a persons risk of illness

Question 30

neural control of the cardiac system

Answer 30

1) SA NODE sa node initiates an impulse which spreads across atria causing atria systole 2) AV NODE impulse reaches av node and delays the impulse to allow the atria to finish contracting 3) BUNDLE OF HIS impulse is conducted down the bundle of his 4) PURKINJE FIBRES impulse spreads through the purkinje fibres in the walls of the ventricles

Question 31

blood flow through the heart

Answer 31

1) ATRIAL DIASTOLE atria fill with blood (relaxation phase) 2) ATRIAL SYSTOLE causes remaining blood in the atria to be pushed into ventricles (contraction phase) 3) VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE ventricles fill with blood (relaxation phase) 4) VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE causes contraction of both ventricles and blood leaves the heart