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Anatomy module 4 > Cardiovascular system--the heart > Flashcards

Cardiovascular system--the heart Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum

A

Anatomical region that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column, from 1st rib to the diaphram and between the lungs.

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2
Q

Composed of cardiac muscle tissue

forms most of the heart mass

A

Myocardium

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3
Q

Also known as visceral pericardium

A

Epicardium

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4
Q

Composed of simple squamous epithelium

A

Both Epicardium and Endocardium

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5
Q

Forms the smooth inner lining of the heart and covers the valves

A

Endocardium

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6
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium

A

Fibrous
Visceral
Parietal

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7
Q

Forms a double layered sac around the heart

A

Fibrous and Parietal

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8
Q

Composed of fibrous connective tissue

Attached to diaphragm and base of great vessels

A

Fibrous

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9
Q

Forms outer layer of heart wall

also called the epicardium

A

Visceral

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10
Q

Serous membrane

A

Parietal and Visceral

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11
Q

Forms smooth surfaces, acting as a lubricant during heart contraction
Pericardial activity found between these layers
Pericardial fluid found between these layers

A

Parietal and visceral

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12
Q

The blunt, superior end of the heart is the _____; the narrow inferior end of the heart is the ______.

A

Base

Apex

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13
Q

The heart serves as a double pump: the ____side pumps to the systemic circulation through the ____. and the ____ side pumps to the pulmonary circulation through the _____.

A

Left-
aorta
right
Pulmonary trunk

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14
Q

Blood returning from the systemic circulation enters the ____ side, and the blood returning from the pulmonary circulation enters the ____side. (alternate)

A

Right

Left

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15
Q

Blood in the right ____ flows into the ____ ______, and the blood in the left _____ flows into the ____ ____.

A

Atrium
Right ventricle
Atrium
Left Ventricle

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16
Q

The General path of blood flow through either side is:

A

Vein to Atrium to Ventricle to Artery

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17
Q

Can blood flow directly from one side to the other?

A

No

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18
Q

The bicuspid valve connects these chambers

A

Left Ventricle and Left Atrium

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19
Q

The pulmonary trunk exits this chamber

A

Right Ventricle

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20
Q

The vena cavae enter this chamber

A

Right Atrium

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21
Q

Tricuspid valve connects these chambers

A

Right Ventricle and Right Atrium

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22
Q

Aorta exits this chamber

A

Left Ventricle

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23
Q

Pulmonary veins enter this chamber

A

Left Atrium

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24
Q

Form a pump for systemic circulation

A

Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

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25
Form a pump for pulmonary circulation
Right Atrium and Right Ventricle
26
What is the general function of the valves of the heart?
Prevents back flow and it is a one way flow of blood
27
What are the 2 atrioventricular valves and the chambers they connect
Tricuspid and Bicuspid Tricuspid connect Right atrium and Right Ventricle Bicuspid (mitralvalve) connects Left atrium and Left Ventricle
28
What is the function of the AV valve?
Allows blood flow to ventricles | prevents back flow to atria
29
The flaps of tissue forming the AV valves are _____. These flaps have numerous fibrous cords, the_______ attached to their free edges. The ______muscles attach to these cords and anchor them to the heart wall.
Cusps Chordae Tendonae Papillary
30
What force is responsible for opening and closing the AV valves?
Pressure of blood | Contraction of Papillary muscles
31
What is the function of the cords and muscles connecting the valve cusps to the heart wall?
Cords drive cusps upwards | muscles pull and tighten the cords
32
The 2 semilunar valves are:
Aortic and Pulmonary
33
Where is the aortic valve?
Left side and at the base of the aorta
34
Where is the pulmonary valve?
Right side and at the base of the pulmonary trunk
35
What is the function of the semilunar valve?
Permits ejection of blood from ventricles into the aorta or pulmonary trunk
36
What force is responsible for opening and closing the semilunar valve?
Ventricles relax and the blood begins to back flow. This fills the valve cusps they house and they tightly close
37
From the right atrium to the right ventricle
Tricuspid valve
38
From the right ventricle to the pulmonary trunk
Pulmonary valve
39
From the left atrium to the left ventricle
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
40
From the left ventricle to the aorta
Aortic Valve
41
The blood vessels supplying the heart muscles are called the _____
Cardiac or Coronary circulation
42
The coronary circulation consists of :
Two coronary arteries
43
Coronary arteries are branches of what vessel?
Aorta | Originating above the aortic valve
44
The vein (venous sinus) returning blood from the heart wall is called the_____.
Coronary Sinus Located posterior surface of the heart. Right atrium
45
Why does the heart need its own blood vessels when there is always blood in the heart chambers?
Nutrients are not able to diffuse quickly enough from blood in the chambers of the heart to supply all the layers of cells that make up the heart wall.
46
Cardiac muscle tissue contains special structures called_____between the ends of adjacent cells
Intercalated discs
47
Gap junctions
allow muscle action potentials to conduct from one muscle fiber to the next
48
Desmosomes
hold fibers together
49
What type tissue is the conduction system of the heart composed of?
Cardiac muscle tissue
50
What are the functions of the conduction system?
Provides path for action potential Coordinates contractions Pacemaker
51
What is autorhythmicity?
Self excitable--repeatedly generate action potentials | works independently
52
Unstable resting potentiaWhen threshold is reached it triggers an action potentiall
SA Node cells repeatedly depolarizes to threshold
53
When threshold is reached it triggers an action potential
Pacemaker potential
54
Parts of the hearts conduction system
``` 1-Sinoatrial Node (SA) Right atrium 2-Atrioventricular Node (AV) 3-Atrioventricular Bundle--bridge 4-Right/Left bundle branches 5-Purkinje Fibers ```
55
The conduction system of the heart is composed of _______cells. An action potential begins in the _____, which is most commonly referred to as the ______of the heart. From here, the action potential spreads throughout the ______. The atria then ______.
``` Autorhythmic SA Node Pacemaker Atria Contracts ```
56
From the Atria, the action potential reaches the_____, located near the junction of atria and ventricles. The action potential continues to the______, located between the atria and the ventricles, to the ______ which runs down the interventricular septum. These bundles then divide into smaller bundles called _____, which pass around the apex of the heart to the _____ of the ventricles. The_____then contract to pump blood.
``` AV Node AV Bundle Bundle Branches Purkinje Fibers Myocardium Ventricles ```
57
What part of the conjunctions system serves as the pacemaker?
SA Node | Sets rhythm of electrical excitation and contraction
58
What part is the only electrical connection between the atrial and ventricular muscle masses?
AV Bundle (bundle of HIS)
59
What is the functional significance of the fact that electrical conduction through the AV Node is slow?
Provides time for the atria to empty their blood into ventricles
60
The AV bundle is also knows as the
Bundle of HIS
61
Rapid conduction over the purkinje fibers allows what advantage?
Action potential beginning at the apex of the heart upward to the remainder of the ventricular myocardium.

Anatomy module 4 (2 decks)

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