Cardiovascular System Test

Question 1

14. Which of these heart structures prevents blood from flowing backward into the ventricle?

Answer 1

SL valve

reference: BBD

Question 2

15. When the ventricles contract, blood is pumped

Answer 2

out of the heart

reference: Cardiovascular system notes page 13

Question 3

26. Which of the following accurately reflects the order of events that causes the heart to pump out blood?

Answer 3

electrical event -> distribution -> pressure change -> mechanical event -> fluid movement
reference: Cardiovascular system notes page 12

Question 4

27. How long does it take for your heart to pump blood through your entire body?

Answer 4

About a minute

reference: cardiovascular system notes page 10

Question 5

28. What happens to blood, which has already circulated through the body, when it moves into the heart?

Answer 5

the blood travels to the lungs for more oxygen

reference: BBD

Question 6

32. How does pulmonary circulation differ from coronary circulation?

Answer 6

Coronary circulation occurs in the heart; pulmonary circulation occurs in the heart and lungs
reference: cardiovascular system notes page 11

Question 7

38. Blood vessels that carry blood away from the capillary beds are called

Answer 7

Venules

reference: cardiovascular system notes page 12

Question 8

39. Blood vessels that carry blood directly to the capillary beds are called

Answer 8

Arterioles

reference: cardiovascular system notes page 12

Question 9

41. In which vessels are materials exchanged between the blood and the body cells?

Answer 9

Capillaries

reference: cardiovascular system notes page 12

Question 10

59. Which of the following statements about mature red blood cells is not true?

Answer 10

Divide to make new cells when old ones need to be replaced

reference: blood notes page 3

Question 11

64. Which of the following is true for both cardiac and skeletal muscle tissues?

Answer 11

Can spontaneously depolarize without input from the nervous system
reference: cardiovascular system notes page 10

Question 12

65. Explain how the unique shape of erythrocytes enables them to best carry out their function

Answer 12

They are flattened and biconcave shape gives them more surface area to maximize gas exchange - which is critical because they contain hemoglobin which transports oxygen.
reference: blood notes page 3

Question 13

66. You are a doctor and are treating a patient with liver failure due to chronic alcoholism. One of the results of this is reduced synthesis of plasma proteins, like fibrin. What issue can you expect to arise because of this?

Answer 13

An issue with coagulation of blood during blood clot formation
reference: blood notes page 4

Question 14

67. Define hematopoiesis. Then describe the roles of two other organ systems in this process.

Answer 14

Blood cell formation. It occurs in the red bone marrow (skeletal system) and is regulated by a hormone called EPO (endocrine system)
reference: blood notes page 4

Question 15

68. Assume you are blood type A

B) What antibodies do you have in your plasma?

Answer 15

Anti-B

reference: blood notes page 5

Question 16

70. Explain the function of the myocardium and why it is necessary for it to be thicker in one of the ventricles than the other. In your answer, be sure to clearly state which ventricle it is thicker in.

Answer 16

The myocardium is the layer of the heart wall that contracts. It is thicker in the left ventricle than the right because the left ventricle is pumping blood out to the entire body which requires more force than just pumping to the lungs in the pulmonary circuit like the right ventricle.
reference: cardiovascular system study guide, vocal

Question 17

71. Describe the pathway that blood will travel through each part of the heart. Start with where oxygen-poor blood enters the heart and end with were oxygen-rich blood leaves the heart to head out to tissues in the body.

Answer 17

Oxygen- poor blood enters the heart through the superior vena cavas. It goes through the right atrium and then the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. It passes through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary trunk and out to the lungs to be oxygenated. It returns to the heart via the pulmonary veins and enters the left atrium. It goes through the mitral valve into the left ventricle and then is pumped through the aortic valve and out the aorta to the rest of the body.
reference: BBD

Question 18

73. Describe three factors that cause resistance to the flow of blood through the vessels. Explain which has the greatest impact and why.

Answer 18

Blood viscosity (thicker the blood, the greater the resistance), the length of a blood vessel (longer makes more resistance), and the diameter (smaller makes more resistance) of a blood vessel. The diameter of a blood vessel has the greatest impact because the viscosity of blood and the length of a blood vessel remain relatively constant, whereas the diameter of a blood vessel contracts or is blocked in someway.
reference: Cardiovascular system discovery stations page 7