Cardiovascular System (Part 2) - WEEK 2 Flashcards
Which part of the cardiovascular system carries oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body and returns ______________ back to the heart in right atrium?
Systemic Circulation, deoxygenated blood
Which circulation transports oxygen-poor blood from which chamber from the heart to the lungs. Which in result picks up ___________? What happens next afterwards.
Pulmonary circulation, right ventricle to the lungs, blood picks up new blood supply.
What happens next? Returns the oxygen-rich blood to the left atrium
What’s the percentage for systemic circulation?
84%
What is the percentage in Pulmonary circulation?
9%
When reading blood pressure, what are the values when reading systemic artery?
Systolic/diastolic = 120 mmHg / 80 mmHg
What is the name of this artery when systolic pressure is 25 mmHg and diastolic pressure is 8 mmHg?
Pulmonary artery
What is the systolic and diastolic pressures for hypertension?
140 mmHg / 90 mmHg
What are the 4 major pathways for capillary?
Diffusion, intercellular cleft/space, fenestration, transcytosis (caveolae)
What are components that are exchanged across the capillary vessel wall via 4 major pathways?
Nutrients, O2, CO2, metabolic waste products
In the volumes of the blood graph, which component takes the small percentage? what is the percentage?
Capillaries, 5%
With all the list of the structures of vascular walls, which vessel does not have smooth muscle?
Capillary
With all the list of the structures of vascular walls, which vessels contain endothelium?
All of the them contain endothelium in each vessel
Which blood vessel has a thicker wall? What about thin?
Thicker: artery
Thin: vein
Identify on which blood vessel usually has a low blood pressure?
Vein
In the concept of diffusion: lipid soluble substance, what are the two chemical substances that can diffuse directly through the cell membrane?
Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide
What substance can diffuse through the intracellular clefts? what type of cells are adjacent?
water-soluble, endothelial cells
We all know that capillaries in the brain don’t have a fenestrae. So, what would it be called then?
nonfenestrated capillaries
T/F All capillaries have a fenestrae
False. Not all capillaries have them
Where is the transcytosis present of a cell?
Both endocytosis and exocytosis
What is a caveolae?
They are vesicles in transcytosis of macromolecules across the endothelial cells
T/F Caveolae substances are selective
True. Substances are selective
What feature from the blood-brain barrier of the brain is enforced?
Astrocyte
What are the features of the Artery?
High pressure and have thick smooth muscle
What are the features of a Vein?
Have valves that prevent backflow of the blood & have a high compliance: increase volume = increase pressure
Which blood vessel has a single layer endothelium and allows substances to exchange?
Capillary
When you hear a patient that is diagnosed with Atherosclerosis, what do you think this is?
A build up plaque in the artery walls
What occurred in the cause of Atherosclerosis? (4 reasons)
1) damage to endothelial cells induces inflammation
2) smooth muscle cells and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) penetrates tunica intima
3) LDL attracts macrophages. Macrophages would engulf the fatty material. Cell becomes filled with lipids called Foam cells
4) Fibrous cap is formed. A fracture of plaque’s fibrous cap can cause Thrombosis
What is the Top 10 causes of Death in the USA?
Heart Disease
When is the development of atherosclerosis? (age period)
may begin in young adulthood
When is a good time to prevent atherosclerosis?
within in adolescence and young adulthood
What is Tight Junctions?
Impermeable junctions PREVENT molecules from passing through the intercellular space
What is Desmosomes?
Anchoring junctions which bind adjacent cells together like a molecular “velcro” and help form an internal intension-reducing network of forces
What are gap junctions?
communicating junctions allow ions and small molecules to pass for intercellular communication
What are the 4 components that make up the structure of the vascular walls?
Endothelial cells, elastic fibers, smooth muscle, collagen fibers
What type of component that has a rubber like material that accounts for most of the stretch of the vessels?
Elastic fibers
Define Endothelial cells
cells that form a single continuous layer that lines all vascular segments
What is the smooth muscle contain in the structure of vascular walls?
They are present in all blood vessels except capillaries & they exert tension by means of active contraction
What is collagen fibers similar to?
fabric woven
