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Blood PH > Cardiovascular System Part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Capillaries specialises in the

A

Exchange of substances between blood and cells/tissues

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2
Q

What type of walls do veins and venules have

A

Generally thin

The tunica externa is their thickest layer

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3
Q

What has a thicker tunica media and more hence more muscular

A

Arteries and arterioles

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4
Q

Which blood vessel contains valves

A

Veins

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5
Q

The key function of the cardiovascular system is to

A

Keep blood flowing through capillaries to allow exchange of water nutrients and gases

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6
Q

Which organ sorts and removes any threats

A

Liver

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7
Q

What happens in hepatic first pass

A

The blood goes from digestive tract spleen pancreas and passes into the portal vein and goes directly to the live

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8
Q

The vessel that carries absorbed substance

A

Portal vein

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9
Q

Smooth muscle is influenced by

A

Autonomic nervous system

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10
Q

Which reduces blood pressure vasodilation or vasoconstriction

A

Vasodilation

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11
Q

The 3 layers of the heart

A

Pericardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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12
Q

Myocardium consists of what type of muscle

A

Cardiac striated makes up 95 %of heart

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13
Q

What delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium

A

The coronary artery

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14
Q

Which Chambers are the receiving ones

A

Atria

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15
Q

What pump pumps blood into the ventricles

A

Atria pump

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16
Q

The atria are separated by

A

Interatrial septum

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17
Q

The ventricles are separated by

A

Interventricular septum

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18
Q

Hypertension is a major risk factor for

A

Cardiovascular disease and a cerebrovascular event (stroke)

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19
Q

Cerebrovascular is

A

A stroke

20
Q

Lipoproteins carry

A

Cholesterol in blood

21
Q

Where do lipoproteins take cholesterol from

A

Liver cells

22
Q

What does LDL low density lipoproteins do

A

Carry cholesterol from liver to cells in body

23
Q

What do HDL high density lipoproteins do

A

Remove excess cholesterol from body cells and blood and take it to liver

24
Q

NHS cholesterol guidelines levels should be

A

5mmol/L or less for healthy adults

4mmol/L for those high risk

25
Q

Cholesterol in excess can cause

A

Arterial plaque formation

26
Q

The heart location

A

Rests on diaphragm near the midline of thoracic cavity pointing left
In thoracic cavity
The heart is covered anteriorly by the sternum and ribs 3-6
Aoex of the heart is formed by the left ventricle and lies in the 5th intercostal space

27
Q

where is the AV Node located

A

in the interatrial septum

28
Q

in the conduction of the heart where is the only place action potentials can travel from Atria to Ventricles

A

Bundle Of His

(Atrioventricular AV

29
Q

The AV Node is connected to the

A

Bundle of his

30
Q

What generates the impulses in the conduction of the heart

A

SA Node Sinoatrial Node

31
Q

veins and venules always carry blood

A

towards the heart

32
Q

Receiving chambers of the heart

A

atria

33
Q

which is the thickest ventricle

A

left 10 15mm

34
Q

which artery delivers oxygenated blood to the myocardium

A

coronary

35
Q

Cardiac Output

A

the volume of blood being pumped out by the heart per minute which is a combination of HR and stroke volume

36
Q

Stroke volume is

A

the amount of blood ejected per beat from both ventricles

37
Q

whats is a slow Heart Rate called and how many beats per min

A

Bradycardia

under 60bpm

38
Q

Fill in blanks

All blood vessels have………………. Which are influenced by…………..

A

Smooth muscle

Autonomic nervous system

39
Q

Average pulse rate of adult

A

70-90 bpm

40
Q

What is Hypercholesterolaemia

A

high cholesterol in the blood

41
Q

Function of pericardium

A

To keep heart within position in thorax and allow free movement during contractions

42
Q

Function of Endocardium

A

Provides smooth lining for heart Chambers and covers valves

43
Q

Which odema would right side heart failure csusr

A

Systemic oedema

44
Q

What muscle is myocardium

A

Cardiac striated involuntary

45
Q

Ischemic heart disease due to obstruction or spasm which condition

A

Angina pectoris

46
Q

Stable or unstable which condition

A

Angina pectoris

47
Q

Pain radiates to where from chest in angina

A

Neck left shoulder and jaw

Blood PH (2 decks)

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