Cardiovascular system (multiple choice) Flashcards
What is the name of the cavity that the heart sits within
The cardiac cavity
The cardiac notch
The mediastinum
The pleural cavity
The mediastinum
The heart is covered by a set of membranes called the
The pericardium
The cardio mater
The pia mater
The pleural membrane
The pericardium
Which is NOT correct regarding the structure of an artery
The walls are thick to withstand high pressure
The innermost lining is called the tunica interna
All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the pulmonary artery and the umbilical artery
Arteries need valves to prevent blood backflow
Arteries need valves to prevent blood backflow
Mammals including humans have a double circulation, what does that mean?
Blood volume doubles as it passes through the heart
The blood visits the heart twice on its journey through two circuits
The mammalian blood vessels are double the length of other animals
The thickness of the cardiac muscle is at least two times thicker than other animals.
The blood visits the heart twice on its journey through two circuits
The pressure in the blood vessels is the lowest in
Capillaries
Arteries
Veins
Arterioles
Veins
The hepatic portal vein
is a vein draining the liver taking deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart
a vein carrying deoxygenated but nutrient rich blood from the small intestine to the liver for nutrient processing, before going to the heart
a vein that leaves the liver carrying oxygenated blood to vena cava of the heart
a vein that drains the large intestine carrying waste substances to the kidney for excretion
a vein carrying deoxygenated but nutrient rich blood from the small intestine to the liver for nutrient processing, before going to the heart
The hepatic portal vein in the foetal circulation is
Longer than in the infant and adult
Not present as a connecting vein in the foetus
Forms a connection between the right and left atrium
Helps the foetal gas exchange at the placenta
Not present as a connecting vein in the foetus
The foramen ovale
Forms a connection between the aorta and the pulmonary vein
Take s blood from the placenta to the vena cava
Forms a connection between the right and left atrium
An opening at the base of the mitral valve
Forms a connection between the right and left atrium
The pericardial cavity contains
Fluid
Cilia
Air
Blood
Fluid
The thickest walls of the heart are found in
The right atrium
The left atrium
The right ventricle
The left ventricle
The left ventricle
The heart valve that separate the right atrium from the right ventricle is called
The semilunar valve
The Tricuspid valve
The mitral valve
The bicuspid valve
The Tricuspid valve
The aorta leaves the
Right ventricle
Right atrium
Left ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
X
Observe the diagram above, which of the following answers is appropriate
in terms of the name of the vessel X and its role.
The aorta carrying oxygenated blood to the body
The vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood from the body
The pulmonary vein carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs
The pulmonary vein carrying deoxygenated blood from the body
The vena cava carrying deoxygenated blood from the body
diagram
Valve X
Observe the diagram above, which of the following answers is appropriate
in terms of the name of the valve X and its role.
Semilunar valve providing an exit for deoxygenated blood
Tricuspid valve providing a gateway for oxygenated blood to pass into the ventricle beneath it
Bicuspid (mitral) valve providing a gateway for oxygenated blood to pass into the ventricle beneath it
Semilunar valve providing an exit for oxygenated blood
Bicuspid (mitral) valve providing a gateway for oxygenated blood to pass into the ventricle beneath it
diagram
The phase of the cardiac cycle which involves the filling of the atria is called
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial systole
Atrial diastole
Atrial influx
Atrial diastole
The complete cardiac cycle duration is
- 8 minute
- 8 second
8 seconds
0.08 second
0.8 second
Most of the blood leaving the atria occurs because of
Gravity
Blood pressure exceeding that in ventricles, open valves and gravity
Atrial contraction
Open valves, atrial contraction, pressure exceeding that in ventricles and gravity
Blood pressure exceeding that in ventricles, open valves and gravity
Heart sounds are often referred to as the ‘lub-dub’. They represent:
The opening of the atrioventricular valves followed by their closing
The opening of the semilunar valves followed by their closing
The closing of the atrioventricular valves followed by the closing of the semilunar valves
The closing of the semilunar valves followed by the opening of the atrioventricular valves.
The closing of the atrioventricular valves followed by the closing of the semilunar valves
The heart muscles respond to the action of the pacemaker (sinoatrial node) its role is to directly ….
Initiate the contraction of the atria
Initiate the contraction of the atria and ventricles
Initiate the contraction of the ventricles
Initiate the contraction of the atrioventricular valves
Initiate the contraction of the atria
The fibres that run down the septum of the heart carrying the impulse initiated by the pacemakers are called
The chordae tendonae
The Purkinje fibres
The trabeculae carnae
The Bundle of His
The Bundle of His
Define the term stroke volume, and give a typical volume
The amount of blood pumped by the left ventricle in one contraction. This volume is not all the blood contained in the left ventricle; normally, only about two-thirds of the blood in the ventricle is expelled with each beat. Approximately 70mls.
Define the term cardiac output, and give a typical volume
The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in a minute
Observe the ECG illustration below
The arrow indicates
T wave that represents ventricular contraction
P wave that represents atrial contraction
Q wave that represents ventricular depolarisation
QRS wave represents ventricular contraction
B P wave that represents atrial contraction
diagram
The diagram shows a blood vessel, it is
The aorta leaving the left ventricle
The aorta leaving the right ventricle
The pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle
The pulmonary vein entering the right ventricle
The aorta leaving the left ventricle
Capillaries are
Made up of multiple elastic layers of connective tissue
Made up of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells with valves
Made up of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells
Made up of very thin muscular tunica
Made up of a single layer of squamous epithelial cells
