Cardiovascular System - Lecture 9 Flashcards
From outmost to innermost, list the layers of the pericardium and heart wall.
Fibrous Pericardium, Parietal Serous Pericardium, Visceral Pericardium (Epicardium), Myocardium, and Endocardium.
Does the right atrium receive blood from the systemic loop or pulmonary loop?
Systemic
Does the left atrium receive blood from the systemic loop or pulmonary loop?
Pulmonary
Which has thinner walls: atria or ventricles?
Atria
Why do ventricles have thicker walls than arteries?
Because when they contract, they need a great amount of pressure to pump blood into the great arteries.
Which ventricle has a thicker wall? Left or right?
Left because it works hard to pump blood throughout the entire body.
Order the intrinsic conduction system.
SA (sinoatrial) Node
AV Node
AV Bundle (of his)
Bundle Branches
Purkinje Fibers
What is lymph?
Excess fluid returned to the blood.
What do lymphatic vessels do?
Return lymph to veinous circulation.
Where in the cardiovascular system is there the highest and lowest pressures?
Highest- Aorta
Lowest- Vena Cavae
Define blood vessel structure from outermost to innermost.
Tunica Externa, Tunica Media, and Tunica Interna.
What is tunica externa?
The outermost layer of a blood vessel containing collagen to reinforce walls.
What is tunica media?
The middle layer of a blood vessel w/smooth muscle and sympathetic control of lumen which alternates flow and pressure.
What is tunica interna (endothelium)?
The innermost layer of blood vessels.
Made of simple squamous epithelium.
Lines all blood vessels.
(connects to endocardium)
What is the lumen?
A space inside of vessels where blood flows through.
List the important details of blood vessel structure of arteries.
They have thicker tunica media and are narrower.
List the important details of blood vessel structure of veins.
They have thicker tunica externa and larger lumen. They collapse if no blood is present.
List the important details of blood vessel structure of capillaries.
They are made of tunica intima only. They connect arteries to veins.
Describe blood flow progression from the heart.
Elastic Arteries
Muscular Arteries
Arterioles
Capillaries
Venules
Small Veins
Medium Veins
Large Veins
Vena Cavae
Describe elastic arteries.
They are the largest arteries in the body and are composed of the aorta and its main branches. They have the highest pressure in the body, and their elastic allows them to stretch to accommodate this. + Supply blood to muscular arteries.
Describe muscular arteries.
They have a thicker layer of tunica media which allows them to be active in vasoconstriction. They provide blood to the organs.
Describe arterioles.
They supply the capillary beds. Their vasoconstriction and vasodilation controls the blood flow to capillary beds.
Describe capillaries.
They are one cell layer thick, connect arteries to veins, and pre capillary sphincters control blood through bed.
Describe venules.
They drain capillary beds and merge to form veins.
Describe small veins.
They drain venules and merge to form medium/large veins.
Describe veins.
They have lower pressure than arteries, many travel with companion arteries, have valves to prevent pooling of blood in limbs, and skeletal muscle helps move blood in veins back to heart.
Serve as blood reservoir, 65% of blood supply in veins, and there are more veins than arteries.
Where is blood pressure highest and lowest?
Highest: Aorta
Lowest: Vena Cavae
What do systolic and diastolic mean in reference to blood pressure? (systolic/diastolic)
Systolic: Ventricular Contraction
Diastolic: Ventricular Relaxation
What does the ductus arteriosus fetal shunt connect?
Pulmonary trunk to aorta.
What does the foramen ovale fetal shunt connect?
Right atrium to left atrium.
What does the ductus venosus fetal shunt connect?
Umbilical vein to inferior vena cave.
Differentiate what the umbilical vein and umbilical artery does.
Umbilical Vein: carries oxygenated blood from placenta to fetal heart.
Umbilical Artery: caries deoxygenated blood from fetus to placenta
