Blood - Lecture 10

Question 1

Hematocrit

Answer 1

Percentage of blood volume composed of erythrocytes.

Question 2

If blood was centrifuged, what would each layer be composed of and what percentage would each layer be?

Answer 2

Red Blood Cells (45%)
Buffy Coat - White Blood Cells and Platelets (<1%)
Plasma (55%)

Question 3

List the formed elements of blood.

Answer 3

RBCs/WBCs/Platelets

Question 4

Normal blood pH

Answer 4

7.35-7.45

Question 5

List the plasma proteins from most to least numerous.

Answer 5

Albumins (58%), globulins (37%), and fibrinogens (4%).

Question 6

Name what each plasma protein plays a role in.

Answer 6

Albumins - transport proteins
Globulins - immune elements and antibodies
Fibrinogens - clotting cascade

Question 7

What is colloid osmotic pressure?

Answer 7

Plasma proteins draw water into the blood.

Question 8

Where does formation of blood cells occur?

Answer 8

Red Bone Marrow

Question 9

Which organ regulates erythropoiesis?

Answer 9

Kidneys

Question 10

Lifespan of erythrocytes

Answer 10

120 days

Question 11

Define anemia

Answer 11

Decreased ability to transport oxygen

Question 12

Define polycythemia

Answer 12

High red blood cell count that leads to increased viscosity of the blood that makes it harder to pump.

Question 13

List the granulocytes (-phils) from most to least numerous

Answer 13

Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and Basophils

Question 14

Neutrophils

Answer 14

Attack and destroy bacteria cells by engulfing them (60% of WBCs)

Question 15

Eosinophils

Answer 15

Destroy parasitic worms
Dampen allergic reactions
(2-4% of WBCs)

Question 16

Basophils

Answer 16

Release histamine (increases inflammation)
Release heparin which inhibits blood clotting
(<1% of WBCs)

Question 17

List the agranulocytes

Answer 17

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

Question 18

Lymphocytes

Answer 18

T - cells attack infected cells
B - cells release antibodies
(25% of WBCs)

Question 19

Monocytes

Answer 19

Exit blood into tissue and become macrophages (large phagocytes)
(4-8% of WBCS)

Question 20

Stages of Hemostasis

Answer 20

Vasospasm (immediate constriction of blood vessels to reduce flow), Platelet Plug Formation (30s to 1m after injury: platelets activated by exposure to collagen in tunica externa -> adhere to it and each other to form the plug), Coagulation (3-6 mins: fibrin in blood forms mesh that traps escaping erythrocytes)

Question 21

Thrombus

Answer 21

Inappropriate clot in undamaged vessel.

Question 22

Embolus

Answer 22

A thrombus that travels elsewhere in the body.