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A&P Spring Semester 2015 > Cardiovascular System: Chapter 18 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System: Chapter 18 Flashcards

1
Q

What carries blood away from the heart; Oxygenated except for pulmonary circulation

A

Arteries

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2
Q

What contacts tissue cells and directly serve cellular needs?

A

Capillaries

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3
Q

What carries blood toward heart

A

Veins

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4
Q

What are the central blood containing spaces in the blood vessel walls?

A

Lumen

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5
Q

What are the three wall layers in arteries and veins?

A

Tunica Intima, Tunica Media, Tunica Externa

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6
Q

What is the layer that is endothelium that lines the lumen of all vessels; continuous with endocardium and has a slick surface which reduces friction?

A

Tunica Intima

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7
Q

What is the layer that has smooth muscle and sheets of elastin; controls vasoconstriction and vasodilation; INFLUENCE BLOOD FLOW AND BP

A

Tunica Media

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8
Q

What is the layer that protects and reinforce; anchors to surrounding structures; nourishes external layer

A

Tunica Externa

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9
Q

Blood vessels vary in Length, Diameter, wall thickness, and tissue make-up. T/F

A

True

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10
Q

What type of artery is large, thick-walled; Elastin is all 3 tunics, large lumen and offers low resistance; NOT active in vasoconstriction; Expands and recoil as blood ejected from heart

A

Elastic Arteries

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11
Q

Where are elastic arteries found?

A

Aorta and major branches

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12
Q

What type of artery is distal to the elastic arteries; Deliver blood to body organs, think tunica media with more smooth muscle; IS active in vasoconstriction

A

Muscular Arteries

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13
Q

What are the smallest arteries; leads to capillary beds; control flow into capillary beds via Vasodilation and Vasoconstriction

A

Arterioles

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14
Q

Which artery is larger in diameter?

A

Elastic Artery

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15
Q

What are considered to be microscopic vessels; found in the walls of thin tunica intima; diameter allows only a single RBC to pass through

A

Capillaries

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16
Q

Provide direct access for almost every cell; Exchange of gases,nutrients,wastes,hormones, etc between blood and interstitial fluid; Found in all tissues except cartilage, epithelial, cornea, and lens of the eye

A

Capillaries

17
Q

What are the three types of capillaries?

A

Continuous Capillaries, Fenestrated Capillaries, Sinusoid Capillaries

18
Q

What is the LEAST permeable and most common capillary; abundant in skin and muscle?

A

Continuous Capillaries

19
Q

What capillary is more permeable than continuous, its function is absorption or filtrate formation; (Ex:Small Intestines, Endocrine glands,Kidneys) “Baby-Swiss Cheese”

A

Fenestrated Capillaries

20
Q

What capillary is super leaky, “MOST permeable”;Found in liver,bone marrow,spleen,adrenal medullar

A

Sinusoid Capillaries

21
Q

What are networks of capillaries interwoven between arterioles and venules?

A

Microcirculation

22
Q

What connects terminal arteriole and postcapillary venule?

A

Vascular Shunt

23
Q

10-100 exchange vessels per capillary bed; branch off metarteriole or terminal arteriole?

A

True Capillaries

24
Q

T/F: True capillaries normally branch from metarteriole and return to thoroughfare channel.

A

TRUE

25
Q

What regulates blood flow into the true capillaries?

A

Precapillary Sphincters

26
Q

T/F: Blood may go into true capillaries or to the vascular shunt; which are regulated by local chemical conditions and vasomotor nerves?

A

TRUE

27
Q

What is formed when capillary beds unite?

A

Venules

28
Q

What is formed when venules converge?

A

Veins

29
Q

Have thinner walls,LARGER lumens, blood pressure is lower than in arteries, thin tunica media and thick tunica externa

A

Veins

30
Q

What holds most of the bodies blood? Heart, capillaries, pulmonary blood vessels, or veins?

A

Systemic Veins and venules

31
Q

What are vascular anastamoses?

A

interconnection of blood vessels

32
Q

What type of anastamoses provides alternate pathways to given body region? Found at joints,abdominal organs, brain and heart

A

Arterial Anastamoses

33
Q

What is an example of an arteriovenous anastomoses?

A

Vascular shunts of capillaries

34
Q

What is the force per unit area exerted on wall of blood vessel by blood?

A

Blood Pressure

35
Q

What are three important sources of resistance?

A

blood viscosity(thickness), total blood vessel length, blood vessel diameter

A&P Spring Semester 2015 (6 decks)

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