Cardiovascular System(Blood vessels) vascular sytem Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular system made up of?
The heart and the blood vessels
What system is closely connected, structural and functionally with the cardiovascular system
Lymphatic system
What does the right side of the heart do.
The right side of the pump blood into the lungs (pulmonary circulation) where exchange of gases take place
What does the left side of the heart do.
The left side of the heart pump blood into the systemic circulation which supplies the rest of the body. Here tissue waste are passed into the blood for excretion and body cells extract nutrient and oxygen.
What happens when oxygen and nutrient to the body cells become inadequate?
Tissue damage occurs and cell damage.
The cardiovascular system ensures a continual flow of blood to all the body cells
Types of blood vessels?
Arteries -arterioles
Veins-venules
Capillaries
Function of arteries, veins and capillary
Arteries and smaller arteries carry blood away from the heart.
What are the structures of vein and arteries
Made up of three layers for both arteries and veins
Outer layer Tunica adventitia outer made off fibrous tissue,
Middle layer - Tunica media (smooth muscle and elastic tissue)
Inner layer- Tunica intima (endothelium) a smooth lining layer only one cell thick.
capillaries is also the only layer is the endothelium layer. Thinner than arteries and veins
Different between arteries and veins wall.
Arteries are thicker than venous wall to rest and pressure of blood in the arterial system.
Character of arterial blood vessel
Structures of arterial wall varies depending on how close the arteries lies to the heart. In the largest arteries known as elastic arteries. The tunica media contains more elastic tissue l and a little smooth muscle this allow the vessels walls to stretch absorbing the pressure wave from the generate leads by the heart beats.
These proportions gradually change as the arteries branch manny times and become smaller until in the arterioles. The tunica medial consist of entirely of smooth muscle. This enables their diameter to be precisely controlled which regulate the pressure within them. Systemic blood pressure is mainly determined by the RESISTANCE these tiny arteries offer to blood flow. They are known as resistance vessels
What is Anastomoses and end arteries.
Anastomoses occur normally in the body in the circulatory system, serving as backup routes for blood flow if one link is blocked or otherwise compromised.
End -arteries is a term that is the SOLE source of blood to a tissue. eg when an end artery is blocked the tissue it supplies die because the is no alternative route
Describe Capillaries and sinusoids
Smallest arterioles branch into huge number of capillaries
The layer is permeable to water and other molecules. Blood cell las and large molecules such as plasma protein are normally too large to diffuse through.
The cap piles form a vast network of tinny vessels that link the smallest arterioles into the vennules
The capillaries are larger in bone marrow and liver
The capillaries non as sinusoids as their walls are incomplete and lumen is much bigger
Capillary refills time when an area of the finger is pressed firmly pressed with a finger. It turns white(blanch) because the blood in the capillaries have beeen squeezed out. Normally it take 2 seconds for the capillaries to refil once finger is removed.
