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Ex Phys Exam 2 > Cardiovascular System and Exercise > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System and Exercise Flashcards

1
Q

strength power is what kind of energy

A

ATP

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2
Q

sustained power is what kind of energy

A

ATP + PCr

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3
Q

anaerobic power endurance is what kind of energy

A

ATP + PCr + Lactic Acid

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4
Q

aerobic endurance is what kind of energy

A

ETC

oxidative phosphorylation

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5
Q

powerlift

A

ATP

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6
Q

high jump

A

ATP

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7
Q

javelin throw

A

ATP

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8
Q

golf swing

A

ATP

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9
Q

tennis serve

A

ATP

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10
Q

sprints

A

ATP + PCr

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11
Q

fast breaks

A

ATP + PCr

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12
Q

football time play

A

ATP + PCr

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13
Q

gymnastics routine

A

ATP + PCr

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14
Q

200-400 m dash

A

ATP + PCr + Lactic Acid

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15
Q

100 m swim

A

ATP + PCr + Lactic Acid

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16
Q

beyond 800 m run

A

ETC

OP

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17
Q
  • delivers oxygen to tissues
  • conduit for acceptance and transfer of O and CO2
  • regulates body temp
  • delivers nutrients to tissues
  • transports hormones

Functions of:

A

CV system

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18
Q

how much blood goes out

A

stroke volume

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19
Q

how much the heart beats

A

cardiac output

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20
Q

cardiac output formula

A

CO = SV x HR

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21
Q

volume of blood that returns to the heart and puts a stretch on the walls of the left ventricle

A

preload

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22
Q

the pressure against which the LV has to pump

A

afterload

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23
Q

the volume in the LV at the end of diastole

A

EDV (end diastolic volume)

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24
Q

the volume in the LV at the end of systole

A

ESV (end systolic volume)

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25
Q

percent of blood in the LV pumped out with each beat; normal is about 55%

A

ejection fraction

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26
Q

explain Ficks equation

A

basically the amount of oxygen breathing in to the amount of oxygen reaching the muscles

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27
Q

what is the average cardiac output at REST for males and females

A

5 L/min males

4 L/min females

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28
Q

difference between cardiac output and how much is used at rest

A

oxygen reserve

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29
Q

at rest, how many ml/min is used?

A

250-300

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30
Q

heart rate is regulated extrinsically by what two things?

A

direct neural supply

indirect chemical messengers

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31
Q

chemical messengers of SNS

A

catecholamines

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32
Q

two types of catecholamines

A

epinephrin and norepinephrin

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33
Q

releases glucoses; stops blood from going into GI system and skin b/c you don’t need blood there when exercising

A

norepinephrine

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34
Q

what nerve decreases HR

- chronotropy

A

vagus nerve

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35
Q

+ inotropy means?

A

increasing contraction

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36
Q

+ chronotropy means?

A

increases HR

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37
Q

myocardium’s primary energy system is?

A

aerobic

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38
Q

blood pressure formula

A

BP = CO x TPR

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39
Q

blood pressure formula in words

A

how much volume your heart can pump times the resistance to blood flow

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40
Q

occurs during heart relaxation

A

diastolic BP

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41
Q

if diastolic BP is high, then?

A

you have some resistance in blood vessel

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42
Q

anatomy of peripheral vasculature

A

arteries –> arterioles –> meta arterioles –> capillaries

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43
Q

arterioles play a large role in?

A

manipulating TPR

44
Q

crossing guard at the street
they can shut off blood flow or redirect it
comes into play when exercising so blood goes into muscles

A

meta arterioles

45
Q

delivers oxygen to the muscles

A

capillaries

46
Q

arterioles have the ability to

A

vasoconstrict and dilate

47
Q

how much of blood is at rest in the veins

A

60%

48
Q

one way valves; relies on outside pressure changes to move blood back to heart

A

veins and venules

49
Q

movement of air through the conduction system; air movement b/w environment and the lungs

A

ventilation

50
Q

refers to gas exchange

A

respiration

51
Q

respiration aka gas exchange occurs where?

A

alveoli

52
Q

conducting zone is what?

A

trachea to bronchioles

53
Q

respiratory zone is what?

A

respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs

54
Q

Fick’s law is?

A

the rate of transfer of gas

55
Q

Fick’s law is proportional to what 2 things:

A

tissue area

difference in partial pressure

56
Q

Fick’s law is inversely proportional to?

A

tissue thickness

57
Q

expiration is what type of process?

A

passive

58
Q

static lung volume is?

A

total lung capacity

59
Q

dynamic lung volume is?

A

forced

60
Q

dynamic lung volume depends on what 2 factors?

A

volume and speed of air moved

61
Q

how much avg tidal volume does someone have?

A

500-600 ml

62
Q

amount of TLC

A

4-6 L

63
Q

amount of vital capacity (VC)

A

4-5 L

64
Q

range of minute ventilation

A

4-10 L/min

65
Q

most aerobically trained individuals increase what first?

A

increase tidal volume first and then rate

66
Q

formula for minute ventilation

A

minute V= RR x TV

67
Q

each molecule in a gas exerts its own partial pressure defines what?

A

Dalton’s law

68
Q

the rate of gas diffusion is what law?

A

Henry’s Law

69
Q

function of hemoglobin

A

binds O2 for transport and delivery

70
Q

oxygen is dissolved where and combined with what?

A

dissolves in plasma

combines with hemoglobin

71
Q

normal HgB levels for men women and children

A

women 12-15 g/dL
men 13-18 g/dL
children 11-16 g/dL

72
Q

decrease in pH or increase in temperature shifts the curve to the ?? and this is known as ??

A

curve to the right

known as the Bohr effect

73
Q

what is 2,3 dpg?

A

an acid; red blood cells that utilize glycolysis for energy production

74
Q

when is 2,3 dpg produced?

A

during glycolysis

75
Q

what does 2,3 dpg do?

A

combines with hemoglobin and decreases its ability to “hold onto” oxygen

76
Q

iron containing protein in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle

A

myoglobin

77
Q

dissolved in plasma
combined with hemoglobin
combined in plasma with bicarbonate

A

carbon dioxide

78
Q

respiratory control center is located where?

A

pons and medulla in the brainstem

79
Q

the inspiratory neurons in the medulla do what?

A

activate the diaphragm and intercostals

80
Q

the expiratory neurons in the medulla do what?

A

stop inspiration because expiration is passive

81
Q

what does the hypothalamus tell us about breathing?

A

tells us how fast we should breathe so it affects the rate

82
Q

what structure in the hypothalamus affects the rate?

A

descending neurons

83
Q

what do the ascending neurons in the hypothalamus do?

A

modulates breathing cycle

84
Q

at rest what is the primary stimulus for ventilation/respiration?

A

pCO2

85
Q

what 2 things cause a drop in pH stimulating the neural center to increase minute ventilation?

A

elevated pCO2 and lactic acid levels

86
Q

Before we take the first step to exercise, the medulla does what?

A

decrease in PNS tone

87
Q

What does the decrease in PNS tone do to heart rate?

A

increases it

88
Q

For further increases in heart rate and exercise, theres a direct __________ input via cardiac plexus

A

sympathetic

89
Q

with exercise, increased oxygen delivery primarily occurs through?

A

increased blood FLOW

90
Q

What symptoms might one have if there is decreased flow?

A

chest pain –> goes into anaerobic metabolism

91
Q

You can estimate myocardial workload by?

A

rate pressure product (RPP)
or
HR x SBP

92
Q

So…if a person’s BP is elevated and/or they have plaque in the arteries, oxygen consumption of the myocardium is ?

A

elevated

93
Q

steady state means what?

A

oxygen demands are meeting oxygen needs

94
Q

untrained cardiac output at max is how much?

A

22-25 L/min

95
Q

endurance athlete cardiac output max is how much?

A

35-40 L/min

96
Q

increased end diastolic volume (preload) enhances cross bridging

A

Frank Starlings law

97
Q

During steady rate exercise, SBP should increase by how much?

A

8-12 mm Hg for each MET

98
Q

In steady rate exercise, SBP usually plateaus around ?

A

140-160

99
Q

In steady rate exercise, what happens to diastolic BP?

A

stays level

merp.. +/- 10

100
Q

What happens to TPR when exercising?

A

significantly decreases

101
Q

Name and classify the two types of muscle fibers:

A

type 1 - slow twitch

type 2- fast twitch

102
Q

What happens to plasma after 1 week of no training?

A

plasma volumes return to baseline

103
Q

Comparing stroke volume and heart rate, which increases first?

A

For trained athletes: increase stroke volume first

For untrained: heart rate increases first

104
Q

High exercise intensity achieved with

A

lactate threshold

105
Q

Is a healthy individuals performance limited by performance?

A

NO

Ex Phys Exam 2 (5 decks)

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