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BIO 353 > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plumbing Problems

A

clogs in the pipes resulting in heart attack, plaque.

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2
Q

Electrical Problems

A

Problem with impulses between brain and heart, results in cardiac arrest.

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3
Q

Heart Function

A
  • Maintain pressure (his hydrostatic pressure)

- transport O2, H2O, nutrients, gases, hormones, immune cells, moves waste out etc.

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4
Q

High Hydrostatic pressure does what?

A

pumps blood out

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5
Q

Smaller the creator

A

faster the heart rate

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6
Q

Structure of the heart

A

mostly composed of myocardium

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7
Q

Myocardium

A

heart muscle cells

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8
Q

Pericarditis

A

the sac that covers the heart becomes inflamed, RUBS, causes fluid build up

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9
Q

Cardiac Muscle Versus Skeletal muscle

A

-has two types
-contractile cells
-smaller and have single nucleus fiber
-have intercalated disks
>desmosomes
>gap junctions
-mitochrondria occupy 1/3 of cell volume to prevent fatigue

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10
Q

How Does the Cardiac Muscle Move?

A

-have intercalated disks
>desmosomes
>gap junctions

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11
Q

Desmosomes

A

interpolated disks allow force to be transferred

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12
Q

gap junctions

A
  • provide electrical connections

- allow cells to beat together(in sync)

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13
Q

Arrangement of cardiac muscle

A

spiral arrangement of ventricular

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14
Q

benefit of spinal arrangement

A

allows contraction to squeeze the blood upward from the apex of the heart. think tube of tooth paste

  • prevents blood from being left behind.
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15
Q

Two Types of Cardiac Cells

A
  • Myocardial Cells

- Pacemaker Cells

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16
Q

Myocardial cells

A
  • one of two types of cardiac cells*
  • mechanical
  • can be electrically stimulate
  • cannot generate electricity
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17
Q

Pace Maker Cells

A
  • one of two types of cardiac cells*
  • electrical cells
  • spontaneously generate electrical impulses
  • conduct electrical impulses
  • 1% of heart cells
  • can generate AP’s
  • Keep heart beating
  • Sinoatrial node causes atrial propagation of AP
18
Q

Depends on gap junctions

A

electrical conduction in myocardial cells

19
Q

Myocardial Contractile Cells

A

long refractory period prevents tetanus

20
Q

Heart Valves

A

-ensure one way flow
-two sets
Atrioventrcular
Semilunar

21
Q

Diastole

A

chambers are relaxed, blood fills ventricles passively

22
Q

Systole

A

contraction, force, pressure rises, blood ejected

23
Q

Valve Stenosis

A
  • valve not fully opened due to plaque, age, poor muscle control.
  • results in slow conduction
24
Q

Aortic Regurgitation

A

(aortic insufficiency)

-valve allows blood to return into heart

25
Q

Mitral Regurgitation

A

oxygenated blood flows backward, into lungs.

26
Q

Congestive Heart Failure

A
  • left ventricle cannot pompous all blood, causing back up.
  • backs up to lungs, plasma leaks out, (CONGESTED)
  • treated with diuretics
  • covid 19 kills these folks.
27
Q

Electrical Conduction In the heart

A
  1. )SA node depolarizes.
  2. )Electrical activity goes rapidly to AV node via internodal pathways.
  3. )DepolarizaKon spreads more slowly across atria. conduction slows through AV node.
  4. )depolarization moves rapidly through ventricular conducing system to the apex of the heart.
  5. )Depolarization wave spreads upward from the apex.
28
Q

SA (sino-atrKal) node

A

– Sets the pace of the heartbeat at 70 bpm

– AV node (50 bpm) and Purkinje fibers (25-40 bpm) can act as pacemakers under some conditions

29
Q

AV (atria-ventricular) node

A

– Routes the direcKon of electrical signals – Delays the transmission of action potentials

30
Q

Bundle Branch Block

A

Electricity does not make it to the apex of the heart

  • poor conduction
  • fixed with pace maker
31
Q

The Electrocardiogram Waves

A

P wave, QRS complex, and T wave

32
Q

P wave

A

atrial depolarization

33
Q

QRS

A
  • site above the ventricles
  • conduction has progressed from bundle of His, through right and left bundle branches, and through Purkinje network
  • depolarizationon of ventricles
34
Q

Mean Arterial Pressure

A
  • cardiac output and peripheral resistance
  • distance
  • viscosity
  • radius
35
Q

Blood pressure measurements

A
  • Measurement of the pressure the blood exerts on the walls of the arteries during the various stages of heart activity
  • Measured in millimeters of mercury on a sphygmomanometer
  • Measurements read at two points
36
Q

Systolic

A

first sound heard, it measures the pressure in an artery when the heart is contracting

37
Q

Diastolic Blood Pressure

A
  • The change in sound/or last sound heard is the diastolic blood pressure
  • it measure the pressure in an artery when the heart relaxes between contractions
38
Q

Low systolic pressure

A

can be caused by trauma or dehydration

39
Q

High diastolic pressure

A

pressure is high when heart should be in relaxation state

40
Q

Prolonged high BP

A

can damage arterial walls

BIO 353 (2 decks)

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